Targeting Abundant Fish Stocks while Avoiding Overfished Species: Video and Fishing Surveys to Inform Management after Long-Term Fishery Closures
Targeting Abundant Fish Stocks while Avoiding Overfished Species: Video and Fishing Surveys to Inform Management after Long-Term Fishery Closures
复制标题
以丰富的鱼类资源为目标，同时避免过度捕捞物种：视频和捕捞调查可为长期渔业关闭后的管理人员提供信息
作者：
R. Starr;M. Gleason;Corina i. Marks;D. Kline;Steve Rienecke;Christian Denney;Anne Tagini;J. Field
从历史上看，在管理包括各种易受捕捞影响的鱼类在内的多物种渔业时，很难平衡保护目标和产量目标。由于管理人员试图在混合鱼类渔业中实现产量最大化，开发率可能导致生产力较低的鱼类被过度捕捞。在20世纪90年代末，美国西海岸几种底栖鱼类的数量下降，导致美国太平洋渔业管理委员会建立了整个海岸的渔业关闭，被称为岩鱼保护区，以重建过度捕捞的物种。渔场关闭和其他管理措施成功地降低了这些物种的捕捞死亡率，但限制了丰富种群的捕捞机会。限制性条例还造成了意想不到的后果，即减少了可用于评估被捕捞物种种群状况的依赖渔业的数据。随着种群的重建，管理者面临的挑战是增加捕捞机会，同时尽量减少对重建物种的捕捞死亡率。我们设计了一个相机系统来评估沿海栖息地的鱼类，并使用实验装置和捕鱼技术与视频调查相结合，以确定是否可以在岩石栖息地捕获丰富的物种，而同时发生的重建物种的捕捞量最少。我们共钓了58天，完成了741套垂直钩线渔具。我们还在捕鱼发生的同一地点进行了299次视频调查。捕鱼和立体录像调查的对比表明，渔民可以使用改良的鱼钩渔具捕捞丰富的鱼种，同时限制重建鱼种的副渔获。随着美国西海岸过度捕捞的物种数量继续恢复，改善数据收集非常重要，视频和捕鱼调查可能是评估岩石栖息地物种的关键。
Historically, it has been difficult to balance conservation goals and yield objectives when managing multispecies fisheries that include stocks with various vulnerabilities to fishing. As managers try to maximize yield in mixed-stock fisheries, exploitation rates can lead to less productive stocks becoming overfished. In the late 1990s, population declines of several U.S. West Coast groundfish species caused the U.S. Pacific Fishery Management Council to create coast-wide fishery closures, known as Rockfish Conservation Areas, to rebuild overfished species. The fishery closures and other management measures successfully reduced fishing mortality of these species, but constrained fishing opportunities on abundant stocks. Restrictive regulations also caused the unintended consequence of reducing fishery-dependent data available to assess population status of fished species. As stocks rebuild, managers are faced with the challenge of increasing fishing opportunities while minimizing fishing mortality on rebuilding species. We designed a camera system to evaluate fishes in coastal habitats and used experimental gear and fishing techniques paired with video surveys to determine if abundant species could be caught in rocky habitats with minimal catches of co-occurring rebuilding species. We fished a total of 58 days and completed 741 sets with vertical hook-and-line fishing gear. We also conducted 299 video surveys in the same locations where fishing occurred. Comparison of fishing and stereo-video surveys indicated that fishermen could fish with modified hook-and-line gear to catch abundant species while limiting bycatch of rebuilding species. As populations of overfished species continue to recover along the U.S. West Coast, it is important to improve data collection, and video and fishing surveys may be key to assessing species that occur in rocky habitats.