Possible roles of consolation in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).
Possible roles of consolation in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).
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对圈养黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）可能具有安慰作用。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
S. B. Borgognini Tarli
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Palagi;Giada Cordoni;S. B. Borgognini Tarli
移情是产生安慰的必要前提。“安慰”一词包含一个关于功能的假说，即缓解痛苦。本研究旨在通过冲突后/配对对照方法(PC-MC)证实圈养黑猩猩是否存在安慰，并提出其可能的作用。我们收集了273对PC-MC对，这些PC-MC对是居住在法国美丽动物公园的潘氏轮虫。我们确认在殖民地中存在安慰接触(平均安慰水平，49.5%+/-22.3%)。安慰率显著高于和解水平(平均和解水平，28.9%+/-16.8%)。在没有和解的情况下，安慰的程度比在和解的情况下更高，这表明安慰可能是一种替代行为。由于友谊和亲属关系不影响安慰的发生，它们似乎不是这种行为机制的最佳先决条件，至少在这个黑猩猩群体中是这样。当受害者在严重的攻击中通过尖叫唤起对自己的注意时，与第三方的亲和力接触明显更频繁。这些高音似乎有助于从同种声音中获得帮助，就像在年轻人身上发生的那样。安慰的发生降低了集团成员进一步发动袭击的可能性。从这一角度来看，受害者和抚慰者很可能在攻击特别严重、和解不是立即实现的情况下通过相互互动获得潜在优势，因此社会压力达到很高水平。
Empathy is a necessary prerequisite for the occurrence of consolation. The term "consolation" contains a hypothesis about function, which is distress alleviation. The present study aims to confirm the occurrence of consolation in captive chimpanzees via the post-conflict/matched-control method (PC-MC) and to suggest its possible roles. We collected 273 PC-MC pairs in the group of Pan troglodytes housed in the ZooParc de Beauval (France). We confirmed the presence of consolatory contacts (mean level of consolation, 49.5% +/- 22.3% SEM) in the colony. Consolation rates were significantly higher than reconciliation levels (mean level of reconciliation, 28.9% +/- 16.8% SEM). The level of consolation was greater in the absence of reconciliation than in the presence of it, suggesting that consolation might be an alternative behavior. As friendship and relatedness did not influence the occurrence of consolation, they did not seem to be the best prerequisites for this behavioral mechanism, at least in this chimpanzee colony. Affinitive contacts with third parties were significantly more frequent when the victim called attention to itself during severe aggressions by screaming. These high-pitched sounds seem to be useful in eliciting aid from conspecifics, as occurs in young humans. The occurrence of consolation reduced the likelihood of further attacks among group-members. From this perspective, both victims and consolers most likely gain potential advantages by interacting with each other when aggression is particularly severe, reconciliation is not immediate, and consequently social stress reaches high levels.