SENSORY AND NEURAL DEGENERATION WITH AGING, AS SEEN IN MICRODISSECTIONS OF HUMAN INNER-EAR
SENSORY AND NEURAL DEGENERATION WITH AGING, AS SEEN IN MICRODISSECTIONS OF HUMAN INNER-EAR
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DOI：
10.1177/000348947208100203
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发表时间：
1972-01-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
HAWKINS, JE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
JOHNSSON, LG;HAWKINS, JE
老年性耳聋是一种随着年龄的增长而逐渐丧失听力的疾病，它和衰老过程本身一样微妙和复杂。舒克赫特认为老年性耳聋主要有四种类型：1)感觉性耳聋，主要是Corti器官毛细胞的丧失；2)神经性，耳蜗神经和中枢听觉通路神经元的原发变性；3)代谢性耳聋，主要是血管纹萎缩；以及4)机械性耳聋，主要是基底膜的物理性质改变。在这四种耳聋的基础上可能会增加血管性老年性耳聋，其特征是失去供应螺旋韧带、血管纹和鼓唇的微小血管，代谢性老年性耳聋可能是其中的一个特例。中枢性老年性耳聋，包括耳蜗核和大脑其他听觉中枢的神经元丢失，也可以被归类为一种不同的类型，术语神经性老年性耳聋是指耳蜗神经的一级神经元变性。最重要的是，应该强调的是，各种类型的老年性耳聋即使有的话，也很少单独发生。因此，任何试图在这个时候建立一个详尽的老年性耳聋的分类或致病因素的完整清单都是不成熟的。在这篇文章中，主要强调的是形态方面的
Presbycusis, the gradual loss of hearing that occurs with advancing age, is as subtle and complex as the aging process itself. Schuknecht’has suggested that there are four main types of presbycusis: 1) sensory, with primary loss of the hair cells of Corti’s organ; 2) neural, with primary degeneration of neurons of the cochlear nerve and central auditory pathways; 3) metabolic, with primary atrophy of the stria vascularis; and 4) mechanical, with primary changes in the physical properties of the basilar membrane. To these four might be added vascular presbycusis, characterized by loss of minute vessels supplying the spiral ligament, stria vascularis, and tympanic lip, of which metabolic presbycusis may prove to be a special case. Central presbycusis, with loss of neurons from the cochlear nucleus and other auditory centers of the brain, might also be classified as a distinct type, the term neural presbycusis being reserved for degeneration of first-order neurons of the cochlear nerve. Above all, it should be emphasized that the various types of presbycusis seldom, if ever, occur singly. Any attempt, therefore, to set up an exhaustive classification or a complete list of causative factors in presbycusis at this time is necessarily premature. In this paper the major emphasis is on the morphological aspects of the