Carnosine and Its Possible Roles in Nutrition and Health
Carnosine and Its Possible Roles in Nutrition and Health
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DOI：
10.1016/s1043-4526(09)57003-9
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Hipkiss, Alan R.
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文献类型：
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作者：
Hipkiss, Alan R.
已观察到二肽肌肽在细胞和整个动物水平上发挥抗衰老活性。本文综述了肌肽发挥抗衰老作用的可能机制，并探讨了肌肽是否对人体有益。肌肽可能的生物活性包括活性氧（ROS）和活性氮（RNS）的清除剂、锌和铜离子的螯合剂以及抗糖化和抗交联活性。肌肽与有害醛如丙二醛、甲基乙二醛、羟基壬烯醛和乙醛反应的能力也可能有助于其保护功能。生理上肌肽可能有助于抑制糖尿病的一些继发性并发症和缺血再灌注损伤的有害后果，最可能是由于抗氧化和羰基清除功能。肌肽的其他可能的功能包括转氨酶抑制、通过影响蛋白酶体活性或诱导蛋白酶和应激蛋白基因表达而介导的蛋白水解刺激、皮质类固醇合成上调、蛋白修复刺激以及对与沉默调节蛋白和聚ADP核糖聚合酶（PARP）活性相关的ADP核糖代谢的影响。肌肽对继发性糖尿病并发症、神经退行性变、癌症和其他与年龄相关的病理可能的保护作用的证据进行了简要讨论。
The dipeptide carnosine has been observed to exert antiaging activity at cellular and whole animal levels. This review discusses the possible mechanisms by which carnosine may exert antiaging action and considers whether the dipeptide could be beneficial to humans. Carnosine's possible biological activities include scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), chelator of zinc and copper ions, and antiglycating and anticross-linking activities. Carnosine's ability to react with deleterious aldehydes such as malondialdehyde, methylglyoxal, hydroxynonenal, and acetaldehyde may also contribute to its protective functions. Physiologically carnosine may help to suppress some secondary complications of diabetes, and the deleterious consequences of ischemic-reperfusion injury, most likely due to antiox-idation and carbonyl-scavenging functions. Other, and much more speculative, possible functions of carnosine considered include transglutaminase inhibition, stimulation of proteolysis mediated via effects on proteasome activity or induction of protease and stress-protein gene expression, upregulation of corticosteroid synthesis, stimulation of protein repair, and effects on ADP-ribose metabolism associated with sirtuin and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) activities. Evidence for carnosine's possible protective action against secondary diabetic complications, neurodegeneration, cancer, and other age-related pathologies is briefly discussed.