Chronological transcriptome changes induced by exposure to cyanoacrylate resin nanoparticles in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with a focus on ROS development and cell wall lysis-related genes
Chronological transcriptome changes induced by exposure to cyanoacrylate resin nanoparticles in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with a focus on ROS development and cell wall lysis-related genes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.algal.2022.102884
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发表时间：
2022-10
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Ayat J.S. Al-Azab;Yuichi Aoki;F. D. Sarian;Yuki Sori;D. Widyaningrum;Tomohito Yamasaki;Fantao Kong;T. Ohama
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文献类型：
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作者：
Ayat J.S. Al-Azab;Yuichi Aoki;F. D. Sarian;Yuki Sori;D. Widyaningrum;Tomohito Yamasaki;Fantao Kong;T. Ohama
据报道，由氰基丙烯酸异丁酯聚合物（iBCA-NPs）组成的树脂纳米颗粒在许多微藻物种中诱导急性细胞死亡。使用下一代测序研究了莱茵衣藻（Chlamydiumreinhardtii）（绿藻纲）中暴露于iBCA-NPs诱导的时间顺序转录组变化。编码抗氧化酶的基因，如谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPX 5），铁-超氧化物歧化酶（Fe-SOD），谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GSTS 1），显着上调时，细胞死亡率达到约3%。随后，即使当细胞死亡率达到~ 30%时，这些基因的强表达也得以维持。除了这些基因外，20个热休克蛋白（HSP）编码基因中有9个也上调。细胞死亡与ROS积累呈正相关。这些基因的上调必然是科普ROS积累诱导的应激的反应。Cre13.g605200是注释为编码细胞壁水解酶的31个基因之一，其通过暴露于iBCA-NP而高度上调。Cre13.g605200基因的三个标签插入突变体显示出比亲本菌株对细胞壁水解和纳米颗粒诱导的细胞死亡具有更大的抗性，这表明Cre13.g605200基因编码细胞壁水解酶，并且其上调有助于iBCA-NP诱导的急性细胞死亡。Cre13.g605200对细胞死亡的积极贡献表明，纳米颗粒（NPs）诱导细胞死亡的靶点位于细胞壁内。核小体单位的梯状DNA，程序性细胞死亡（PCD）的标志，在C的涂抹DNA中几乎检测不到。暴露于iBCA-NP的莱因哈德氏细胞。这表明坏死样细胞死亡是由iBCA-NP暴露引起的诱导细胞死亡的最常见类型。诱导的细胞死亡可以是由ROS引起的对蛋白质、脂质和DNA的细胞内损伤的结果。
Resin nanoparticles composed of isobutyl cyanoacrylate polymers (iBCA-NPs) are reported to induce acute cell death in many microalgal species. Chronological transcriptome changes induced by exposure to iBCA-NPs inChlamydomonas reinhardtii(Chlorophyceae) were investigated using next-generation sequencing. Genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase (GPX5), Fe-superoxide dismutase (Fe-SOD), and glutathione S-transferase (GSTS1), were prominently upregulated when the cell death ratio reached approximately 3 %. Subsequently, strong expression of these genes was maintained even when the cell death ratio reached ~30 %. Apart from these genes, nine out of 20 heat shock protein (HSP)-coding genes were also upregulated. There was a positive correlation between cell death and ROS accumulation. Upregulation of these genes must be a response to cope with the stresses induced by the ROS accumulation.Cre13.g605200, which is one of 31 genes annotated to encode cell wall hydrolytic enzymes, was highly upregulated by exposure to iBCA-NPs. Three tag-insertion mutants of the Cre13.g605200 gene showed considerably more resistance to cell wall hydrolysis and nanoparticle-induced cell death than the parent strain, suggesting that the Cre13.g605200 gene encodes a cell wall hydrolytic enzyme, and that its upregulation contributes to acute cell death induced by the iBCA-NPs. Positive contribution of the Cre13.g605200 to cell death suggests that the target of nanoparticles (NPs) to induce cell death is located inside the cell walls.The laddering DNA of nucleosome units, a hallmark of programmed cell death (PCD), was barely detectable in the smeared DNA ofC. reinhardtiicells exposed to iBCA-NPs. This shows that necrosis-like cell death is the most common type of induced cell death caused by iBCA-NPs exposure. Induced cell death can be the result of intracellular damage to proteins, lipids and DNA caused by ROS.