Comprehensive deficits in performance of an attentional task produced by co-administering alcohol and nicotine to rats
Comprehensive deficits in performance of an attentional task produced by co-administering alcohol and nicotine to rats
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DOI：
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2003.08.004
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发表时间：
2003-12-11
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Stolerman, IP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bizarro, L;Patel, S;Stolerman, IP
背景资料：尼古丁可以改善大鼠的注意力表现，酒精可以损害大鼠的注意力表现，但人们对这两种药物的混合物对注意力的影响知之甚少。目的：目的是研究酒精和尼古丁单独以及联合给药时对五项选择系列反应时间任务表现的影响，并通过改变有限保持时间（LH）对任务难度的影响来考察任务难度对任务完成的影响。训练交配帽大鼠对在五个孔之一中随机呈现的0.5s光刺激作出反应（鼻子戳）以获得食物刺激物。结果：实验一表明，当测试过程中LH值保持不变时，不同LH值的训练对成绩的影响很小。实验2表明，乙醇（0.4- 1.6g/kg，i. p.）对正确反应的百分比（准确性）没有影响，但它损害了所有与速度相关的指标。在第三个实验中，尼古丁（0.1和0.2 mg/kg，s.c.）单独测定和在酒精（0.4-1.2 g/kg，i. p.）的剂量-反应曲线上测定。尼古丁单独产生的性能小的改善，而尼古丁和酒精的共同管理产生的酒精剂量，本身只有轻微损害性能大递减。这些减少包括准确性的损害以及预期响应，遗漏错误，响应延迟和获得的补偿。有没有明显的或一致的相互作用的药物效应与LH values.Conclusions：任务性能被破坏到更大的程度上由共同管理的酒精和尼古丁比单独酒精，因此，它似乎不太可能的尼古丁逆转酒精的影响的能力可以解释使用这两种物质之间的关联。(C)2003爱思唯尔爱尔兰有限公司保留所有权利。
Background: Nicotine can improve and alcohol can impair attentional performance in rats, but little is known about the effects of mixtures of the two drugs with respect to attention.Aims: The aims were to investigate the effects of alcohol and nicotine alone and when co-administered on performance of a five-choice serial reaction time task, and to examine the impact of task difficulty by varying durations of the limited hold (LH) for availability of the reinforcer.Methods: Mate hooded rats were trained to respond (nose-poke) to a 0.5 s light stimulus presented randomly in one of five apertures to obtain food reinforcers. Three groups of rats trained with different LH values were used (n = 10).Results: The first experiment showed that training at different LH values had little effect on performance when the LH value during testing was held constant. Experiment 2 showed that alcohol (0.4-1.6 g/kg, i.p.) had no effect on the percentage of correct responses (accuracy) but it impaired all speed-related indices. In the third experiment, the effects of nicotine (0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg, s.c.) were determined alone and on the dose-response curve for alcohol (0.4-1.2 g/kg, i.p.). Nicotine alone produced small improvements in performance whereas co-administration of nicotine and alcohol produced large decrements at doses of alcohol that themselves only slightly impaired performance. These decrements included impairments of accuracy as well as of anticipatory responding, omission errors, response latencies and reinforcers earned. There were no marked or consistent interactions of drug effects with LH values.Conclusions: Task performance was disrupted to a much greater extent by co-administration of alcohol and nicotine than by alcohol alone; therefore, it seems unlikely that an ability of nicotine to reverse the effects of alcohol can account for associations between the use of the two substances. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.