INFERRING PROPERTIES FROM CATEGORIES VERSUS INFERRING CATEGORIES FROM PROPERTIES - THE CASE OF GENDER
INFERRING PROPERTIES FROM CATEGORIES VERSUS INFERRING CATEGORIES FROM PROPERTIES - THE CASE OF GENDER
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-8624.1986.tb00039.x
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发表时间：
1986-04-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
MACCOBY, EE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GELMAN, SA;COLLMAN, P;MACCOBY, EE
本研究测试了根据属性信息推断新类别(预计会很难)和根据类别信息推断新属性(预计会更容易)之间的区别。一组学龄前儿童学习了特定男孩和女孩的新属性，并被要求说出新孩子将拥有哪些属性，因为性别标签与S的外貌相矛盾。其他孩子看到了相同的刺激，但当被给予与外表冲突的与性别相关的属性时，他们被归类为“男孩”或“女孩”。所有儿童还接受了关于性别恒定性的测试。正如预测的那样，儿童在性别一致性和分类任务上表现不佳，但在类别成员身份的基础上准确地推断了许多与性别相关的属性，忽略了相互冲突的知觉信息。控制条件支持这样的说法，即这些影响不是由于不同条件下的不同内存需求造成的。未来的研究应该区分使用类别作为进行属性推断的基础，以及后来发展起来的使用属性信息对对象进行分类的技能。学龄前儿童在前一项任务上比在后一项任务中更容易忽视相互冲突的知觉信息。
The present study tested a distinction between inferring new categories on the basis of property information (predicted to be difficult) and inferring new properties on the basis of category information (predicted to be easier). One group of preschools learned new properties for specific boys and girls and was asked to say which property a new child would have, given a gender label that conflicted with the child''s appearance. Other children saw the identical stimuli but were to classify them as "boy" or "girl" when given a sex-linked property that conflicted with appearance. All children were also tested on gender constancy. As predicted, children performed poorly on gender constancy and the classification task but accurately inferred many sex-linked properties on the basis of category membership, ignoring conflicting perceptual information. Control conditions support the claim that these effects are not due to differential memory demands in the different conditions. Future research should distinguish between using a category as the basis for making property inferences and the developmentally later skill of classifying an object by using property information. Preschoolers can ignore conflicting perceptual information much more easily on the former than on the latter task.