Shutting down RNA-targeting CRISPR.
Shutting down RNA-targeting CRISPR.
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关闭 RNA 靶向 CRISPR。
DOI：
10.1126/science.abc8243
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sontheimer,ErikJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Barrangou,Rodolphe;Sontheimer,ErikJ
对细菌和噬菌体（感染细菌的病毒）之间进化军备竞赛的探索已经发现了各种防御机制，包括CRISPR-Cas（CRISPR相关核酸酶）适应性免疫系统（1）。了解CRISPR介导的免疫机制，涉及DNA编码的，RNA引导的，序列特异性靶向侵入性核酸（2，3），已经产生了基于不同Cas效应物的强大基因组工程平台。随后的研究还揭示了抗CRISPR蛋白（4），这些蛋白已被证明是Cas分子机器的控制开关。CRISPR-Cas免疫系统包括不同的家族，包括DNA靶向效应物，如Cascade-Cas 3，Cas9和Cas 12以及最近表征的RNA靶向Cas 13核糖核酸酶（RNase）（5）。细菌中不断发展的免疫武器库与各种抗CRISPR相匹配，这些抗CRISPR使病毒能够逃避Cas核酸酶靶向。第54页，Meeskeet al。(6)报道了抑制Cas 13 a RNA酶活性的抗CRISPR机制，其具有作为CRISPR效应子控制开关的潜在效用。
Explorations of the evolutionary arms race between bacteria and bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) have unearthed a variety of defense mechanisms that include CRISPR-Cas (CRISPR-associated nuclease) adaptive immune systems (1). Understanding the mechanisms of CRISPR-mediated immunity, involving DNA-encoded, RNA-guided, sequence-specific targeting of invasive nucleic acids (2,3), has spawned powerful genome engineering platforms based on diverse Cas effectors. Subsequent studies have also revealed anti-CRISPR proteins (4) that have proven valuable as control switches for Cas molecular machines. CRISPR-Cas immune systems encompass diverse families including DNA-targeting effectors such as Cascade-Cas3, Cas9, and Cas12 as well as the recently characterized RNA-targeting Cas13 ribonuclease (RNase) (5). The evolving immune arsenal in bacteria has been matched by diverse anti-CRISPRs that enable viruses to escape Cas nuclease targeting. On page 54 of this issue, Meeskeet al.(6) report an anti-CRISPR mechanism that inhibits Cas13a RNase activity, with potential utility as a CRISPR effector control switch.