The immunology of rheumatoid arthritis.
The immunology of rheumatoid arthritis.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41590-020-00816-x
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发表时间:
2021-01
影响因子:
30.5
通讯作者:
Goronzy JJ
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Weyand CM;Goronzy JJ
The immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) spans multiple decades and begins with production of autoantibodies against posttranslationally modified proteins (Checkpoint 1). After years of asymptomatic autoimmunity and progressive immune system remodeling, tissue tolerance erodes, and joint inflammation ensures as tissue-invasive T effector cells emerge, and protective joint-resident macrophages fail (Checkpoint 2). The transition of synovial stromal cells into auto-aggressive effector cells converts acute synovitis into chronic-destructive synovitis, which is often irreversible (Checkpoint 3). Mechanisms of immune tolerance breakdown are now much better understood. The loss of T cell tolerance is linked to cell-intrinsic defects in the DNA repair machinery, resulting in abnormal cell cycle dynamics, telomere fragility and instability of mitochondrial DNA. Mitochondrial and lysosomal anomalies culminate in a T cell differentiation defect favoring differentiation into short-lived effector T cells with high proliferative activity and tissue invasive potential. This differentiation defect builds on a metabolic platform that shunts glucose away from energy generation towards the cell building and motility program. The next frontier in RA will utilize the prolonged period of asymptomatic autoimmunity to attempt the development of curative interventions by reprogramming T cells back to a tolerant state.
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