How management intensity and neighborhood composition affect the structure of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees
How management intensity and neighborhood composition affect the structure of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees
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DOI：
10.1007/s00468-017-1581-z
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发表时间：
2017-10-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Seidel, Dominik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Juchheim, Julia;Annighoefer, Peter;Seidel, Dominik
造林干预的强度和邻里组成决定分支模式，树冠形状，和树干属性的山毛榉（山毛榉L。）造林干预措施的强度和树种的组成是重要的森林管理决定。两者都决定了树的形状，从而影响了树的价值，无论是在经济方面（树干形状，分枝），还是在生态方面（微生境）。然而，我们对树木结构由于造林管理强度或不同邻里差异而发生的明显变化的了解仍然有限，特别是如果重点是单一树木属性，例如，分枝图案或树冠形状。我们使用地面激光扫描仪数据计算25个结构措施55欧洲山毛榉（山毛榉L。）树木生长在纯林沿着梯度的管理强度或在内部或种间的邻居在未管理的立场。我们发现，较低的高度最大水平树冠延伸，更高的冠表面积，和直树干增加管理强度。此外，我们的研究表明，山毛榉树包围珍贵的硬木表现出较低的最大水平树冠延伸的高度，较低的高径比，更长的分支与平坦的分支角比山毛榉树包围同种邻居。我们的研究结果提供了欧洲山毛榉的表型可塑性，以不同的环境条件的证据。树木结构的差异表明，增加冠层竞争，降低管理强度和更强的竞争压力，山毛榉所包围的同种邻居相比，外来邻居。
The intensity of silvicultural interventions and the neighborhood composition determine branching patterns, crown shape, and trunk attributes of beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) trees.The intensity of silvicultural interventions and the composition of tree species are important forest management decisions. Both determine tree shape and thus influence the value of a tree, be it in terms of economy (trunk form, branchiness), or in terms of ecology (microhabitats). However, our knowledge on the distinct changes in tree architecture due to silvicultural management intensity or different neighborhood diversities is still limited, especially if the focus is on single tree attributes, e.g., branching patterns or crown shapes. We used terrestrial laser scanner data to calculate 25 structural measures for 55 European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees that grew either in pure stands along a gradient of management intensity or in intra or interspecific neighborhoods in unmanaged stands. We found a lower height of maximal horizontal crown extension, a higher crown surface area, and straighter trunks with increasing management intensity. Moreover, our study revealed that beech trees surrounded by valuable hardwoods showed a lower height of maximal horizontal crown extension, a lower height-diameter ratio, and longer branches with flatter branch angles than beech trees surrounded by conspecific neighbors. Our findings provide evidence of phenotypic plasticity of European beech to diverse environmental conditions. The differences in tree structure indicate an increasing crown competition with decreasing management intensity and stronger competitive pressure for beech surrounded by conspecific neighbors in comparison to alien neighbors.