Geospatial Cyberinfrastructure: Past, present and future
Geospatial Cyberinfrastructure: Past, present and future
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DOI：
10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2010.04.001
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发表时间：
2010-07
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Chaowei Yang;R. Raskin;M. Goodchild;M. Gahegan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chaowei Yang;R. Raskin;M. Goodchild;M. Gahegan
网络基础设施 (CI) 是数据资源、网络协议、计算平台和计算服务的组合，它将人员、信息和计算工具聚集在一起，以便在这个信息驱动的世界中执行科学或其他数据丰富的应用程序。大多数科学领域采用内在的地理空间原理（例如现象演化中的空间约束）来进行大量地理空间数据处理（例如地理空间分析、要素关系计算、地理空间建模、地理可视化和地理空间决策支持）。地理空间 CI (GCI) 是指利用地理空间原理和地理空间信息来改变科学领域（例如环境科学和地球科学）内部和跨科学领域的研究、开发和教育的进行方式的 CI。 GCI 基于地理信息科学、信息技术、计算机网络、传感器网络、网络计算、CI 和电子研究/电子科学的最新进展。本文从 GCI 的历史、目标、架构、支持技术、功能、应用社区和未来研究方向等方面回顾了为构建 GCI 所做的研究、开发、教育和其他努力。与 GIS 如何改变地理空间科学的程序类似，GCI 为需要地理空间信息的科学的发展提供了重大改进。 GCI的发展将为地理空间科学领域和社区提供平台，以更好地进行研究和开发，更好地收集数据、访问数据、分析数据、建模和模拟现象、可视化数据和信息以及产生知识。为了实现这些变革性目标，需要协作研究和联合开发，原因如下：(1) 解决社会异质性，以识别相关科学和应用遇到的地理空间问题，(2) 分析解决已识别问题所需的信息流和处理数据，(3) 利用语义网支持将知识和语义构建到未来的 GCI 工具中，(4) 开发地理空间中间件，为利益相关者提供功能和中间服务并支持服务演进，(5) 推进基于公民的服务科学反映网络空间向公众开放和公民参与至关重要的事实，(6) 将 GCI 推进到地理空间云计算，以实施解决基础科学问题和应用问题所需的透明和不透明平台，以及 (7) 制定研究和开发议程，通过政府机构、非政府组织、行业、学术界和公众等 GCI 社区的良好联合和协作来满足这些需求。
A Cyberinfrastructure (CI) is a combination of data resources, network protocols, computing platforms, and computational services that brings people, information, and computational tools together to perform science or other data-rich applications in this information-driven world. Most science domains adopt intrinsic geospatial principles (such as spatial constraints in phenomena evolution) for large amounts of geospatial data processing (such as geospatial analysis, feature relationship calculations, geospatial modeling, geovisualization, and geospatial decision support). Geospatial CI (GCI) refers to CI that utilizes geospatial principles and geospatial information to transform how research, development, and education are conducted within and across science domains (such as the environmental and Earth sciences). GCI is based on recent advancements in geographic information science, information technology, computer networks, sensor networks, Web computing, CI, and e-research/e-science. This paper reviews the research, development, education, and other efforts that have contributed to building GCI in terms of its history, objectives, architecture, supporting technologies, functions, application communities, and future research directions. Similar to how GIS transformed the procedures for geospatial sciences, GCI provides significant improvements to how the sciences that need geospatial information will advance. The evolution of GCI will produce platforms for geospatial science domains and communities to better conduct research and development and to better collect data, access data, analyze data, model and simulate phenomena, visualize data and information, and produce knowledge. To achieve these transformative objectives, collaborative research and federated developments are needed for the following reasons: (1) to address social heterogeneity to identify geospatial problems encountered by relevant sciences and applications, (2) to analyze data for information flows and processing needed to solve the identified problems, (3) to utilize Semantic Web to support building knowledge and semantics into future GCI tools, (4) to develop geospatial middleware to provide functional and intermediate services and support service evolution for stakeholders, (5) to advance citizen-based sciences to reflect the fact that cyberspace is open to the public and citizen participation will be essential, (6) to advance GCI to geospatial cloud computing to implement the transparent and opaque platforms required for addressing fundamental science questions and application problems, and (7) to develop a research and development agenda that addresses these needs with good federation and collaboration across GCI communities, such as government agencies, non-government organizations, industries, academia, and the public.