The evolution of novel host use is unlikely to be constrained by trade-offs or a lack of genetic variation
The evolution of novel host use is unlikely to be constrained by trade-offs or a lack of genetic variation
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DOI：
10.1111/mec.13199
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发表时间：
2015-06-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Forister, Matthew L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gompert, Zachariah;Jahner, Joshua P.;Forister, Matthew L.
影响动物饮食进化的遗传和生态因素仍然知之甚少。对于草食性昆虫，人们一直期望存在权衡，例如对一种宿主植物的适应会降低对其他潜在宿主的表现。我们研究了替代主机使用的遗传结构饲养个体灰蝶从两个野生种群在两个主机（一个本地和一个介绍）的交叉设计和分析的遗传基础上的性能差异，使用基因组方法。在实验期间的存活率最高时，蝴蝶幼虫饲养在其纳塔尔的宿主植物，符合当地的适应。然而，在家庭之间的性能（种群内）的交叉主机相关性没有不同的零。结果表明，蜜蜂花种群的幼虫生长表现存在遗传变异，且表现变异具有多基因基础。我们记录了非常少的遗传变异，这些遗传变异会通过阻止宿主间性能的优化来内在地限制饮食宽度。相反，大多数影响一个宿主性能的遗传变异对另一个宿主几乎没有影响。总的来说，这些结果表明，遗传权衡是不是在L.melissa蝴蝶的饮食专业化的主要原因。
The genetic and ecological factors that shape the evolution of animal diets remain poorly understood. For herbivorous insects, the expectation has been that trade-offs exist, such that adaptation to one host plant reduces performance on other potential hosts. We investigated the genetic architecture of alternative host use by rearing individual Lycaeides melissa butterflies from two wild populations in a crossed design on two hosts (one native and one introduced) and analysing the genetic basis of differences in performance using genomic approaches. Survival during the experiment was highest when butterfly larvae were reared on their natal host plant, consistent with local adaptation. However, cross-host correlations in performance among families (within populations) were not different from zero. We found that L.melissa populations possess genetic variation for larval performance and variation in performance had a polygenic basis. We documented very few genetic variants with trade-offs that would inherently constrain diet breadth by preventing the optimization of performance across hosts. Instead, most genetic variants that affected performance on one host had little to no effect on the other host. In total, these results suggest that genetic trade-offs are not the primary cause of dietary specialization in L.melissa butterflies.