Biological Effects of Ultrasound: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications(NCRP Report No. 74)
Biological Effects of Ultrasound: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications(NCRP Report No. 74)
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超声的生物学效应：机制和临床意义（NCRP 报告第 74 号）
DOI：
10.1118/1.595892
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发表时间：
1986
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
V. Ciaravino
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
V. Ciaravino
近年来，许多影响因素为改变放射治疗的健康物理学做出了贡献。公众意识和怀疑的增加，法规及其执行的增加，以及医院管理中的成本削减措施改变了良好的辐射安全计划的要求。正如托马德森先生在引言中指出的那样，“如果这本书是几年前编写的，它很可能会被分成三个部分--时间、距离和屏蔽--而且会更短(也更便宜)。然而，最近许多发展使放射治疗安全官的任务变得更加复杂。今天的健康物理学家不仅必须具备必要的技术技能，还必须精通教育、公共关系和行政管理。这本书试图涵盖放射治疗安全的所有这些方面。它涵盖了从伦理考虑到讨论擦除测试的适当会计统计数据的全过程。这不是一本关于辐射安全的基本物理学的书，尽管有些论文确实包含了一些相关的技术信息。这本书是辐射安全计划日常运作的实用指南。它假定读者已经熟悉辐射测量和辐射安全的基本物理学。有一些章节涵盖了放射性材料许可证的申请流程、屏蔽设计和设施规划。报告概述了一些教育方案，作者提供了各自机构的政策和程序副本。其中很多都包含了可能非常有用的示例表单。书中讨论了紧急情况，并建议采取各种程序，不仅要为这些情况做好准备，而且要减少它们发生的可能性。不包括辐射的安全问题也包括在内。讨论了模具房的安全以及激光和电磁辐射的危害。
A number offactors have contributed to changing radiotherapy health physics in recent years. An increased public aware-ness and skepticism, increased regulations and their enforcement, and the cost-cut-ting measures in hospital management changed the requirements of a good radiation safety program. As Mr. Thomadsen points out in his introduction,“Were this volume compiled a few years ago, it prob-ably would have been divided into three sections—time, distance, and shielding–and would have been shorter (and cheaper). Recently, however, many devel-opments have complicated the task of the Radiotherapy Safety Officer.” The health physicist today must not only be efficient in the necessary technical skills but also must have some proficiency in education, public relations, and administration. This book attempts to cover all of these aspects of radiotherapy safety. It covers a full spectrum from the ethical considerations to a discussion on the proper accounting statistics for wipe testing. It is not a book on the basic physics of radiation safety, although some of the papers do in-clude some pertinent technical information. The book is a practical guide to the day-to-day operations ofa radiation safety program. It assumes that the reader is already familiar with basic physics of radi-ation measurement and radiation safety. There are sections which cover the ap-plication process for a radioactive materi-als license, shielding design, and facility planning. A number of educational pro-grams are outlined and the authors have provided copies of policies and procedures from their respective institutions. Many have included sample forms which could be very useful. Emergency situations are addressed in the book and procedures are suggested not only to prepare for these situations but reduce their likelihood. Safety issues which do not include radiation are also covered. Mold room safety, and laser and electromagnetic radiation hazards are discussed.