Vehicle Efficiency and Tractive Work: Rate of Change for the Past Decade and Accelerated Progress Required for U.S. Fuel Economy and CO 2 Regulations
Vehicle Efficiency and Tractive Work: Rate of Change for the Past Decade and Accelerated Progress Required for U.S. Fuel Economy and CO 2 Regulations
复制标题
车辆效率和牵引工作：过去十年的变化率以及美国燃油经济性和 CO 2 法规所需的加速进展
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
John F. Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
John F. Thomas
轻型车辆设计和技术变革的主要驱动力是美国国家公路交通安全管理局（NHTSA）和美国环境保护署（EPA）关于2016年至2025年乘用汽车和轻型卡车车型年（MY）的企业平均燃油经济性（CAFE）和温室气体（GHG）排放的联合最终规则。目前这项研究的主要目标是将过去十年中燃油经济性改善和技术变革的快速步伐与未来十年满足法规所需的变化速度进行比较。EPA和NHTSA对2004年款美国轻型车辆车队与2014年款车队的比较表明，使用CAFE法规规定的相同FE估算方法，燃油经济性（FE）提高了约28%。EPA和NHTSA关于集合车队燃料经济性的未来预测被检查作为所需车辆变化率的指标。对2005年款和2015年款的40对相同车型进行比较，以检查10年期间能源使用的变化和相关的技术变化。动力系统的改进措施，增加车辆的效率，和车辆质量滑翔机的改进措施，减少牵引工作的要求进行量化。重点首先放在目前主导市场的传统汽油动力车辆上，混合动力车辆也受到审查，因为它们对CAFE合规性具有很高的潜在重要性。2014年销量可观的大多数混合动力汽车都参与了这项研究。结果表明，10年的研究车辆组的进步，包括降低约5.6%的牵引力和提高约16.5%的动力总成效率。进一步的分析表明，这一过去的高进度必须增加约50%，才能达到2025年CAFE的标准。提供了某些MY 2015车辆与CAFE法规相比的检查，以及在合理假设下满足法规所需的一些简单推测。«少
A major driving force for change in light-duty vehicle design and technology is the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) joint final rules concerning Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for model years (MY) 2016 through 2025 passenger cars and light trucks. The chief goal of this current study is to compare the already rapid pace of fuel economy improvement and technological change over the previous decade to the needed rate of change to meet regulations over the next decade. EPA and NHTSA comparisons of the MY 2004 US light-duty vehicle fleet to the MY 2014 fleet shows improved fuel economy (FE) of approximately 28% using the same FE estimating method mandated for CAFE regulations. Future predictions by EPA and NHTSA concerning ensemble fleet fuel economy are examined as an indicator of needed vehicle rate-of-change. A set of 40 same-model vehicle pairs for MY 2005 and MY 2015 is compared to examine changes in energy use and related technological change over the 10 year period. Powertrain improvements measured as increased vehicle efficiency, and vehicle mass-glider improvements measured as decreased tractive work requirements are quantified. The focus is first onmore » conventional gasoline powertrain vehicles which currently dominate the market, with hybrids also examined due to their high potential importance for CAFE compliance. Most hybrid vehicles with significant sales in 2014 were represented in the study. Results show 10 years of progress for the studied vehicle set includes lowered tractive effort of about 5.6% and improved powertrain efficiency of about 16.5%. Further analysis shows that this high rate of past progress must increase by about 50% in order to meet the 2025 CAFE standards. Examination of where certain MY 2015 vehicle compare to CAFE regulations is offered as well as some simple conjecture on what is needed to meet regulations under reasonable assumptions.« less