Tough and Easy Cultures: A Conceptual Analysis
Tough and Easy Cultures: A Conceptual Analysis
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艰难与轻松的文化：概念分析
DOI：
10.1080/00332747.1948.11022703
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发表时间：
1948
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Arsenian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Arsenian;M. Arsenian
自从马林诺夫斯基、拉德克利夫-布朗、《财富》等人的早期经典专著问世以来，对单一文化进行系统分析的尝试进展迅速。长期以来，研究更多地集中在人身上，而不是艺术品，更多地关注仪式的意义，而不是单纯的朗诵。最近，对人格发展的研究为加深对文化的理解做出了令人振奋的尝试。文化特征的个性被视为不同文化习俗和模式的确定衍生品。“基本人格结构”和“人格结构”已经成为文化人类学家和社会心理学家共同的概念创造。奇怪的是，这些将人作为一种文化的最终和持续产品的比较分析比对文化本身的比较分析进展得更快。由于缺乏对文化进行有意义的比较的维度的规范，文化分析受到了影响。是什么损害了这一领域的思考？也许，当代人类学家对前人的价值主张感到尴尬和蔑视，只是出于简单的信心，认为基督教规范不仅是占优势的，而且是超然的。那么，文化相对论的正确观念：1不
ATTEMPTS AT SYSTEMATIC ANALYSES of single cultures have proceeded fi apace since the early classic monographs of Malinowski, Radcliffe-Brown, Fortune, and others. Studies have long since become more preoccupied with people, less with artifacts, more concerned with the meaning of rituals than their bare recital.. Recently exciting attempts have been made to further the understanding of cultures by studies of personality development. Culturally characteristic personalities are viewed as determined derivatives of different cultural practices and patterns. The terms" basic personality structure" and" character structure" have become common conceptual coinage for cultural anthropologists and social psychologists alike. Curiously enough these comparative analyses of people as end-and-sustaining products of a culture have advanced more rapidly than the comparative analyses of cultures as such. The analysis of cultures has suffered for want of specification of dimensions in which cultures may be meaningfully compared.What has impaired thinking in this field? Perhaps the embarrassment and disdain of contemporary anthropologists for their predecessors' value pronouncements made in simple confidence that Christian norms were not merely ascendant but transcendental. Then the cOrrective idea of cultural relativity: 1 no