Ecology, sexual dimorphism, and jumping evolution in anurans
Ecology, sexual dimorphism, and jumping evolution in anurans
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DOI：
10.1111/jeb.14171
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发表时间：
2023-05
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Bryan H. Juarez;D. Moen;D. Adams
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bryan H. Juarez;D. Moen;D. Adams
性二态性（SD）是动物的一个共同特征，对性二态性特征的选择可能会影响功能形态特征和机体性能。通过自然选择的性状进化也可能因环境而异。然而，在系统发育比较背景下很少测试两性之间有机体性能的进化是否不同。无尾动物通常表现出性别体型二态性，考虑到体型对运动的影响，这可能会影响跳跃性能。它们还生活在各种各样的微生境中。然而，无尾目动物的二态性、性能和生态之间的关系仍未得到充分研究。在这里，我们探讨了男性和女性的微生境利用、体型和跳跃表现之间的关系，以确定跳跃表现二态性模式的驱动因素。使用通过解剖测量预测跳跃表现的方法，我们描述了与体型和微生境相关的繁殖力选择和自然选择如何可能塑造女性跳跃表现。我们发现，性别体型二态性（雌性比雄性大约 14%）的程度远低于肌肉体积二态性，后者的肌肉量比雄性多 42%（考虑到体型后）。尽管平均值有时很大，但系统发育 t 检验未能显示任何变量的 SD 的统计显着性，表明性二态性物种往往密切相关。虽然不同微生境的跳跃性能标准差没有变化，但我们发现不同微生境的雌性跳跃速度和能量不同。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，性别特异性生殖角色、体型、跳跃相关形态和表现的差异都是选择如何导致无尾类令人难以置信的生态表型多样性的重要决定因素。
Sexual dimorphism (SD) is a common feature of animals, and selection for sexually dimorphic traits may affect both functional morphological traits and organismal performance. Trait evolution through natural selection can also vary across environments. However, whether the evolution of organismal performance is distinct between the sexes is rarely tested in a phylogenetic comparative context. Anurans commonly exhibit sexual size dimorphism, which may affect jumping performance given the effects of body size on locomotion. They also live in a wide variety of microhabitats. Yet the relationships among dimorphism, performance, and ecology remain underexamined in anurans. Here, we explore relationships between microhabitat use, body size, and jumping performance in males and females to determine the drivers of dimorphic patterns in jumping performance. Using methods for predicting jumping performance through anatomical measurements, we describe how fecundity selection and natural selection associated with body size and microhabitat have likely shaped female jumping performance. We found that the magnitude of sexual size dimorphism (where females are about 14% larger than males) was much lower than dimorphism in muscle volume, where females had 42% more muscle than males (after accounting for body size). Despite these sometimes‐large averages, phylogenetic t‐tests failed to show the statistical significance of SD for any variable, indicating sexually dimorphic species tend to be closely related. While SD of jumping performance did not vary among microhabitats, we found female jumping velocity and energy differed across microhabitats. Overall, our findings indicate that differences in sex‐specific reproductive roles, size, jumping‐related morphology, and performance are all important determinants in how selection has led to the incredible ecophenotypic diversity of anurans.