Assessing the toxicity of three “inert” herbicide safeners toward Danio rerio: Effects on embryos development
Assessing the toxicity of three “inert” herbicide safeners toward Danio rerio: Effects on embryos development
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评估三种“惰性”除草剂安全剂对斑马鱼的毒性：对胚胎发育的影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111576
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Bai Lianyang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu Sihong;Deng Xile;Zhou Xiaomao;Bai Lianyang
最近的研究表明，“惰性成分”对环境产生负面影响。除草剂安全剂被归类为“惰性成分”，其增加除草剂的选择性和解毒作用。然而，除草剂安全剂的环境行为却很少受到关注。AD-67（AD）、解草啶（FM）和氟草唑（FZ）是三种市售除草剂安全剂。本研究以斑马鱼胚胎为模型，研究了这三种安全剂的潜在发育毒性。结果表明，AD、FM和FZ 96 h-LC 50值分别为2.52、1.26和2.01 mg/L。在0.2 mg/L FM和FZ暴露96 h后，观察到胚胎体长显著下降。0.02 mg/L AD、0.2 mg/L AD、0.02 mg/L AD、0.2 mg/L FZ以及0.01和0.1 mg/L FM处理组的孵化率在24 h时显著升高，在96 h时显著降低。心跳次数（60秒）无显著（p> 0.05）变化，但观察到对安全剂暴露的反应，畸形率明显增加。此外，胚胎表现出氧化应激的迹象，如超氧化物歧化酶的活性降低，谷胱甘肽还原酶和过氧化氢酶的活性改变和细胞凋亡。与体细胞畸形相关的基因（egf、krt 17、tbx 16）和细胞凋亡相关的基因（bcl 2、bax）的转录水平在给药组发生改变。这些基因与潜在的毒理学机制有关。这些结果表明，除草剂安全剂AD，FM和FZ诱导斑马鱼胚胎发育毒性。本研究首次报道了安全剂对斑马鱼胚胎发育的毒性。研究结果可为评价除草剂安全剂在水生生态系统中的风险提供参考。
Recent studies indicated that ‘inert ingredients’ exert negative effects on the environment. Herbicide safeners are classed as ‘inert ingredients’, which increase the selectivity and detoxification of herbicides. However, little attention has been focused on the environmental behavior of herbicide safeners. AD-67 (AD), fenclorim (FM), and flurazole (FZ) are three commercially available herbicide safeners. In this study, zebrafish embryos were used as a model to investigate the potential developmental toxicity of these three safeners. The results showed that AD, FM, and FZ 96 h-LC50values were 2.52, 1.26, and 2.01 mg/L, respectively. Significant decreased body lengths were observed in embryos after 96 h of exposure to 0.2 mg/L FM and FZ. Hatching rates significantly increased at 24 h and decreased at 96 h in all treatment groups (0.02 mg/L AD, 0.2 mg/L AD, 0.02 mg/L AD, 0.2 mg/L FZ, as well as 0.01 and 0.1 mg/L FM). No significant (p> 0.05) changes in heartbeat numbers (60 s), but clearly increased malformation rates were observed in response to safeners exposure. Furthermore, embryos showed signs of oxidative stress, such as decreased activities of superoxide dismutase, altered activities of glutathione reductase and catalase and cell apoptosis. The gene transcription related to body malformation (egf,krt 17, andtbx 16) and cell apoptosis (bcl 2andbax) changed in treated groups. These genes have been connected to potential toxicological mechanisms. These results indicate that the herbicide safeners AD, FM, and FZ induced developmental toxicities in zebrafish embryos. This study is the first report of the toxicity of safeners in the development of zebrafish embryos. The results may be useful for assessing the risk of herbicides safeners in the aquatic ecosystem.