Psychophysiological and subjective indicators of aversive pavlovian conditioning in generalized social phobia
Psychophysiological and subjective indicators of aversive pavlovian conditioning in generalized social phobia
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DOI：
10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01385-9
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发表时间：
2002-08-15
影响因子：
10.6
通讯作者：
Flor, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hermann, C;Ziegler, S;Flor, H
背景：厌恶条件反射被认为是社交恐惧症的重要病因机制。然而，经验证据很少，并且没有依赖于对条件性情绪反应的获得和消退的详细分析。 方法：14 名患有广泛性社交恐惧症的男性和 19 名健康对照受试者参与了差别厌恶条件反射，其中两张中性面孔作为条件刺激，厌恶气味作为非条件刺激。获得主观和外周生理反应。结果：两组均成功调节，如差异主观（效价、唤醒、主观无条件刺激预期）和外周生理反应（皮肤电导、惊吓反应）所反映的。没有证据表明社交恐惧症的适应性增强；然而，他们表现出增强的无条件刺激预期，特别是对于获取过程中的非强化条件刺激，以及条件性皮肤电导反应的延迟消退以及主观和生理反应之间的一定分离。结论：获取过程中增强的无条件刺激预期和整体升高的主观唤醒表明，在受到威胁时，患有广泛性社交恐惧症的受试者可能更容易将中性社交线索与厌恶结果联系起来。此外，条件反应的延迟消失似乎有助于广泛性社交恐惧症的病因和维持。 (C) 2002 年生物精神病学协会。
Background: Aversive conditioning has been proposed as an important etiologic mechanism in social phobia; however, empirical evidence is scarce and has not relied on a detailed analysis of the acquisition and extinction of the conditioned emotional response.Methods: Fourteen men sustaining generalized social phobia and 19 healthy control subjects participated in differential aversive conditioning with two neutral faces as conditioned stimuli and an aversive odor as unconditioned stimulus. Subjective and peripheral physiological responses were obtained.Results: Both groups were successfully conditioned as reflected by differential subjective (valence, arousal, subjective unconditioned stimulus expectancy) and peripheral physiological responses (skin conductance, startle response). There was no evidence for an enhanced conditionability in the social phobics; however, they showed an enhanced unconditioned stimulus expectancy, especially for the nonreinforced conditioned stimuli during acquisition, and a delayed extinction of the conditioned skin conductance response as well as a certain dissociation between subjective and physiological responses.Conclusions: The enhanced unconditioned stimulus expectancy during acquisition and the overall elevated subjective arousal suggest that, under threat, subjects with generalized social phobia may be more prone to associate neutral social cues and an aversive outcome. Furthermore, delayed extinction of the conditioned response seems to contribute to the etiology and maintenance of generalized social phobia. (C) 2002 Society of Biological Psychiatry.