Transmission of MdSGHV among adult house flies, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae), occurs via oral secretions and excreta
Transmission of MdSGHV among adult house flies, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae), occurs via oral secretions and excreta
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jip.2009.02.007
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发表时间：
2009-04-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Boucias, Drion G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lietze, Verena-U.;Sims, Kelly R.;Boucias, Drion G.
MdSGHV是一种双链DNA病毒，在受感染的成年家蝇的唾液腺中复制。这种非封闭型包膜病毒的传播被认为是通过由唾液腺分泌物和作物内容物组成的口腔分泌物的沉积和消耗经口介导的。在本研究中，来自感染果蝇的作物的透射电子显微镜照片显示，在邻近表皮内膜的作物管腔中以及在靠近肌肉细胞的血腔侧存在许多包膜病毒体。用病毒血症唾液腺匀浆、作物匀浆经口治疗新出现的苍蝇。或梯度纯化的病毒导致平均44%的感染。通过口腔分泌物释放的病毒被新出现的成年苍蝇摄入后具有传染性，平均感染率为66%。使用定量实时PCR，MdSGHV DNA定量口腔分泌物和排泄物从病毒血症苍蝇。在感染后2至4天（dpi），口腔分泌物中的病毒拷贝数呈指数增加，并且从感染后5至21天，每只感染的苍蝇每次进食事件平均释放106个MdSGHV拷贝。在5 dpi时从单个感染果蝇中过夜采集的排泄物样本平均含有6.5 x 10（5）个病毒拷贝。低，但可检测到的感染率产生时，新出现的苍蝇与排泄物样本的挑战。总之，对个体感染家蝇释放的MdSGHV的数量和感染性的评价清楚地表明，口腔分泌物和排泄物沉积在共享的食物基质上是成年家蝇中自然传播MdSGHV的主要途径。(c)2009爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
The MdSGHV is a double-stranded DNA virus that replicates in the salivary glands of infected adult house flies. Transmission of this non-occluded, enveloped virus is believed to be mediated orally via deposition and consumption of oral secretions composed of salivary gland secretions and crop contents. In this study, transmission electron micrographs of crops from infected flies showed numerous enveloped virions in the crop lumen adjacent to the Cuticular intima, as well as on the hemocoel side in close vicinity to muscle cells. Oral treatments of newly emerged flies with viremic salivary gland homogenates, crop homogenates. or gradient-purified virus resulted in an average 44% infection. Virus released via oral secretion was infectious when ingested by newly emerged adult flies, resulting in an average 66% infection. Using quantitative real-time PCR, MdSGHV DNA was quantified in oral secretions and excreta obtained from viremic flies. Between 2 and 4 days post-infection (dpi), viral copy numbers in oral secretions increased exponentially and from 5 to 21 dpi each infected fly released an average 106 MdSGHV copies per feeding event. Excreta samples collected overnight from individual infected flies at 5 dpi contained an average 6.5 x 10(5) viral copies. Low but detectable infection rates were produced when newly emerged flies were challenged with excreta samples. In summary, evaluation of the quantity and infectivity of MdSGHV released by individual infected house flies clearly showed that deposition of oral secretions and excreta onto a shared food substrate is the main route of natural MdSGHV transmission among adult house flies. (c) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.