High-speed lava flow infrasound from Kīlauea’s fissure 8 and its utility in monitoring effusion rate

High-speed lava flow infrasound from Kīlauea’s fissure 8 and its utility in monitoring effusion rate
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来自凯劳厄亚裂缝 8 的高速熔岩流次声波及其在监测渗出率中的应用

DOI:
10.1007/s00445-021-01488-7
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Fee, David
Fee, David
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lyons, John J.;Dietterich, Hannah R.;Patrick, Matthew P.;Fee, David

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2018年k<e:1>劳埃亚火山喷发产生了巨大的破坏性熔岩流,从8号裂缝(Ahu ' aila ' au)喷口流出,流速高达17 ms - 1,在短(分钟)和长(小时)时间尺度上的流出率变化很大,近端通道或溢洪道显示出与河流系统中明渠流动相似的流动特征。监测这样的动态喷口和熔岩流系统是一个挑战。我们的研究结果表明,次声,结合地面观测和无人飞机系统(UAS)的图像,可以用来区分喷口脱气活动和高速熔岩流活动。利用频谱特征和次声频率指数(FI)来区分溢洪道次声和通风口次声。将FI与从UAS视频中获得的流速进行比较,发现溢洪道次声仅在流速足够高时才会发生,从而导致超临界流动状态和破碎波(Froude值> 1.7),我们提出,溢洪道信号主要是通过湍流无熔岩表面与大气的相互作用产生的。我们表明,FI也可以提供一种方法来跟踪体积积液率。我们的研究结果表明,次声提供了一种表征熔岩流道水力学的新方法,是监测高速流动的熔岩喷发的有力工具。
The 2018 eruption of Kīlauea Volcano produced large and destructive lava flows from the fissure 8 (Ahu ‘aila ‘au) vent with flow velocities up to 17 m s−1, highly variable effusion rates over both short (minutes) and long (hours) time scales, and a proximal channel or spillway that displayed flow features similar to open channel flow in river systems. Monitoring such dynamic vent and lava flow systems is a challenge. Our results demonstrate that infrasound, combined with ground-based observations and imagery from unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS), can be used to distinguish vent degassing activity from high-speed lava flow activity. We use spectral characteristics and the infrasound frequency index (FI) to distinguish spillway infrasound from vent infrasound. Comparing FI with flow speeds derived from UAS videos reveals that spillway infrasound only occurs when flow speeds were sufficiently high to cause a supercritical flow state and breaking waves (Froude values > 1.7), and we propose that the spillway signals are produced primarily through the interaction of the turbulent lava-free surface with the atmosphere. We show that FI can also provide a means to track bulk effusion rate. Our results indicate that infrasound offers a new way to characterize lava flow channel hydraulics and is a powerful tool for monitoring effusive eruptions when high-speed flows are possible.
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