Electrical Microstimulation of Visual Cerebral Cortex Elevates Psychophysical Detection Thresholds.
Electrical Microstimulation of Visual Cerebral Cortex Elevates Psychophysical Detection Thresholds.
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DOI：
10.1523/eneuro.0311-18.2018
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发表时间：
2018-09
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Maunsell JHR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cone JJ;Ni AM;Ghose K;Maunsell JHR
感觉假体可以通过将电流直接输送到感觉电路来恢复自然感觉的各个方面。有效的感觉假体应该能够在多年内每天数小时生成可靠的实时感知信号。然而，当长时间重复提供刺激时，我们对大脑感觉皮层电微刺激所产生的感知的稳定性仍然知之甚少。开发能够对受试者对刺激的敏感性进行高度敏感和可靠评估的方法对于开发能够模仿日常体验中固有的持续信息流的假肢装置非常重要。在这里，我们训练恒河猴报告其初级视觉皮层（V1）的电微刺激，并测量重复刺激如何影响产生感知（行为检测阈值）所需的最小电流。使用自适应阶梯程序和两种替代强制选择 (2AFC) 检测任务，我们通过短短 100 次试验获得了高度可靠的检测阈值测量。使用长期植入或急性插入的微电极，我们发现重复的电微刺激提高了检测阈值，并且在日常测试期间效果持续存在。我们的结果证明了任务设计可以支持快速可靠的检测阈值测量，并指出需要验证目标结构中的检测阈值在面对有效感觉假体所需的长期刺激量时是否足够稳定。
Sensory prostheses can restore aspects of natural sensation by delivering electrical current directly into sensory circuits. An effective sensory prosthetic should be capable of generating reliable real-time perceptual signals for hours each day over many years. However, we still know little regarding the stability of percepts produced by electrical microstimulation of cerebral sensory cortex when stimulation is delivered repeatedly over long periods. Developing methods that yield highly sensitive and reliable assessments of a subject’s sensitivity to stimulation is important for developing prosthetic devices that can mimic the constant stream of information inherent in daily experience. Here, we trained rhesus monkeys to report electrical microstimulation of their primary visual cortex (V1) and measured how repeated stimulation affected the minimal electrical current needed to generate a percept (behavioral detection threshold). Using adaptive staircase procedures with a two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) detection task, we obtained highly reliable detection threshold measures with as few as 100 trials. Using either chronically implanted or acutely inserted microelectrodes, we found that repeated electrical microstimulation elevated detection thresholds, with effects persisting between daily testing sessions. Our results demonstrate task designs that can support rapid and reliable measurements of detection thresholds, and point to the need for validation that detection thresholds in targeted structures will be sufficiently stable in the face of the amount of chronic stimulation that will be required for effective sensory prosthetics.