The anatomy of onomatopoeia.
The anatomy of onomatopoeia.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0028317
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Trevisan MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Assaneo MF;Nichols JI;Trevisan MA
实际上，每一个人类教员都在从事模仿。拟声词是研究语言中拟态成分的最自然、最未被探索的对象之一，因为它隐含着一种由模仿驱动的天音转化为单词的过程。值得注意的是，简单的声音被转换成复杂的元音和辅音字符串，使得很难识别在这一操作中保留了什么声音。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个声音模仿的定义，通过这个定义，声音被转换成在声音系统的约束下使它们的频谱差异最小的语音元素。为了测试这一定义，我们使用了一个计算模型，该模型允许从实验声音数据中恢复发声系统的解剖特征。我们探索最能再现非语音声音的声音配置，比如敲门或按下灯开关或计算机鼠标按键所产生的尖锐声音。从解剖学的角度来看，所获得的构型很容易与共同发音的辅音联系在一起，我们展示了这些辅音与原始发音正相关的感知证据。此外，构成这些共同发音的元音辅音对对应于在不同语言中发现的敲击和咔嗒拟声词中最稳定的音节，这表明了一种声音模仿自然地将单一声音嵌入到更复杂的语音结构中的机制。其他模仿力量受到科学界的广泛关注，例如言语和视觉类别之间的跨模式联系。这一方法有助于建立一个作用于语言的模仿力量的全球视角，并为从声音模仿的角度定量研究词汇构成开辟了一个新的场所。
Virtually every human faculty engage with imitation. One of the most natural and unexplored objects for the study of the mimetic elements in language is the onomatopoeia, as it implies an imitative-driven transformation of a sound of nature into a word. Notably, simple sounds are transformed into complex strings of vowels and consonants, making difficult to identify what is acoustically preserved in this operation. In this work we propose a definition for vocal imitation by which sounds are transformed into the speech elements that minimize their spectral difference within the constraints of the vocal system. In order to test this definition, we use a computational model that allows recovering anatomical features of the vocal system from experimental sound data. We explore the vocal configurations that best reproduce non-speech sounds, like striking blows on a door or the sharp sounds generated by pressing on light switches or computer mouse buttons. From the anatomical point of view, the configurations obtained are readily associated with co-articulated consonants, and we show perceptual evidence that these consonants are positively associated with the original sounds. Moreover, the pairs vowel-consonant that compose these co-articulations correspond to the most stable syllables found in the knock and click onomatopoeias across languages, suggesting a mechanism by which vocal imitation naturally embeds single sounds into more complex speech structures. Other mimetic forces received extensive attention by the scientific community, such as cross-modal associations between speech and visual categories. The present approach helps building a global view of the mimetic forces acting on language and opens a new venue for a quantitative study of word formation in terms of vocal imitation.
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