Not quite as grown-up as we like to think - Parallels between cognition in childhood and adulthood
Not quite as grown-up as we like to think - Parallels between cognition in childhood and adulthood
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DOI：
10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.01530.x
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发表时间：
2005-04-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Kirkham, N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Diamond, A;Kirkham, N
儿童和成人之间在认知上的连续性可能比人们通常所理解的要大。人们认为，在3到4岁之后，开启维度转换卡片分类任务的问题就消失了。然而，我们在这里表明，如果使用速度作为依赖测量，即使在成年人中，第一维度的影响也是显而易见的。成年人和学龄前儿童一样，在从按颜色或形状分类到按其他维度分类的过程中表现出困难。值得注意的是，整个课程的表现受到第一个维度的影响，刺激是根据第一维度进行分类的。我们假设，也许成年人永远不会完全摆脱婴儿期和儿童期早期的任何认知和知觉偏见。文中还讨论了成年人身上似乎仍然存在的此类偏见的其他例子。相反，成人的最优依赖指标就是儿童的最敏感指标的假设受到质疑。
Greater continuity in cognition between children and adults may exist than is usually appreciated. It was thought that after 3 to 4 years of age, the problem in switching on the dimensional-change card-sort task disappears. We show here, however, that if speed is used as the dependent measure, the effect of the first dimension is evident even in adults. Adults, like preschoolers, show difficulty in switching from a block of sorting by color or shape to a block of sorting by the other dimension. Notably, performance throughout the session was affected by the first dimension by which stimuli were sorted. We hypothesize that perhaps adults never fully outgrow any of the cognitive and perceptual biases of infancy and early childhood. Other examples of such biases that appear to still be present in adults are discussed. Conversely, the assumption that the optimal dependent measure for adults is the most sensitive measure for children is questioned.