Chemical defense in ascidians of the didemnidae family.
Chemical defense in ascidians of the didemnidae family.
复制标题
海鞘科海鞘的化学防御。
DOI：
10.1021/bc025576n
复制
发表时间：
2003
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
LaClair,JamesJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Joullié,MadeleineM;Leonard,MichaelS;Portonovo,Padma;Liang,Bo;Ding,Xiaobin;LaClair,JamesJ
合成了次生代谢物白粉菌素B(Db)和红毛桃素A(TA)的荧光类似物(DB1和TA1)，以研究毛虫的潜在化学防御机制。这些化合物被发现改变了捕食者和−的猎物关系。五种淡水鱼和一种海水鱼--淡水鱼Amphipron ocellaris--被驯化以蚊子幼虫为食。鱼对≥5 ng的DB1或TA1处理的蚊子幼虫立即表现出负面反应，摄取幼虫会导致反胃。淡水鱼和海鱼都学会了避免被污染的猎物，因为它们将幼虫的种类与“厌恶”联系在一起。当将多肽DB1或TA1从周围的介质转移到鱼身上时，也会产生对特定生物的厌恶。鱼的荧光显微镜显示，在摄取和吸收DB1或TA1之后，也有类似的加工和定位。DB或TA的荧光标记为短期研究鱼类和海洋无脊椎动物幼虫之间的捕食者−捕食关系提供了理想的工具。
Fluorescent analogues (DB1 and TA1) of the secondary metabolites didemnin B (DB) and tamandarin A (TA) were synthesized to investigate the potential chemical defense mechanisms of tunicates in the familyDidemnidae. These compounds were found to alter predator−prey relations. Five species of freshwater fish and one marine fish, the damselfishAmphiprion ocellaris, were acclimated to a diet of mosquito larvae. Fish showed an immediate, negative reaction to mosquito larvae treated with ≥5 ng of DB1 or TA1, with consumption of larvae resulting in regurgitation. Both freshwater and marine fish learned to avoid tainted prey by associating species of larvae with “distaste”. Distaste for a given organism also arose when depsipeptides DB1 or TA1 were transferred to the fish from the surrounding medium. Fluorescence microscopy in fish indicated that a similar processing and localization followed ingestion and absorption of DB1 or TA1. Fluorescent labeling of DB or TA provided an ideal tool to conduct short-term studies of predator−prey relationships between fish and marine invertebrate larvae.