Mechanisms of lake-level change at Laguna Potrok Aike (Argentina) – insights from hydrological balance calculations
Mechanisms of lake-level change at Laguna Potrok Aike (Argentina) – insights from hydrological balance calculations
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拉古纳波特罗克艾克湖水位变化机制（阿根廷）——水文平衡计算的见解
DOI：
10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.10.040
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Zolitschka B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ohlendorf C;Gebhardt C;Haberzettl T;Lücke A;Mayr C;Schäbitz F;Wille M;Zolitschka B.
波特罗克艾克湖是南半球中纬度地区的一个特殊地点，因为它通过连续的高分辨率沉积物记录中的湖水位变化记录了更新世晚期的水文状况变化。在这项研究中，利用对湖内和周围广泛的多年监测数据进行过程研究，评估了拉古纳波特罗克艾克湖水位变化的驱动力。使用能量预算/批量转移方法计算湖泊容量变化，并将其转化为湖泊水位变化，然后与压力传感器数据进行比较。计算的湖泊水位与测量数据基本一致。我们假设在短时间尺度上，湖面波动主要由降水与蒸发之比驱动。除了流域条件的变化外，相对湿度、降水、温度、风力和风向对湖泊的水文平衡有着最重要的影响。在西风持续高风速期间，湖水位会下降，而在东风频繁出现的时期，湖水位会上升。这些情况与第一种情况下南半球西风带的加强以及后一种情况下更频繁的阻塞情况有关。尽管艾克湖的湖水位变化与厄尔尼诺南方涛动（ENSO）和南半球环状模（SAM）的变化有一定程度的相似性，但持续的对应关系仍有待记录。水化学和沉积物捕集器数据表明，湖内碳酸盐降水对湖水量的短期变化高度敏感，因此对湖水位变化高度敏感。然而，很明显，代表较长时间尺度变化的沉积碳酸盐记录与湖泊水位变化并不线性相关，因此使定量湖泊水位重建变得复杂。我们认为，自生碳酸盐产量的短期变化主要是由降水/蒸发比的变化驱动的，这可能叠加在代表缓冲气候信号的地下水输入的长期变化上。60年的情景计算表明，控制气象参数的变化在15-17%范围内，可以导致湖泊水位变化，其幅度与重建的全新世和 晚冰期的极端情况。此外，湖泊蓄水能力的改变也会产生较大的湖面变化。据推测，末次冰期/间冰期过渡期间，拉古纳波特罗克艾克流域永久冻土的发展或消失可能极大地改变了保水能力。拉古纳波特罗克艾克的湖面重建可能表达了在南美洲南部末次盛冰期（LGM）和全新世中期的耦合大气环流模型（CGCM）模拟中观察到的一些经向气候变化。
Laguna Potrok Aike is an exceptional site in the southern hemisphere's mid-latitudes because it records changes in the hydrological regime through lake-level variations in a continuous, high-resolution sediment record back into the late Pleistocene. In this study, driving forces of lake-level changes at Laguna Potrok Aike are evaluated by means of process studies using data from an extensive multi-year monitoring in and around the lake. Lake-volume changes were calculated with an energy-budget/bulk-transfer approach and translated into lake-level variations, which were then compared to pressure sensor data. Calculated lake levels are in broad agreement with measured data. We hypothesize that on short time scales, lake-level fluctuations are mainly driven by the precipitation-to-evaporation ratio. Apart from changing catchment conditions, relative humidity, precipitation, temperature, wind strength and wind direction have the most important influence on the hydrological balance of the lake. Lake level decreases during periods of persistently high wind speeds from westerly directions, whereas, during periods with more frequent occurrences of easterly winds, it increases. These situations are linked to a strengthening of the Southern Hemispheric Westerlies in the first and more frequent blocking situations in the latter case. Although lake-level changes at Laguna Potrok Aike show some degree of similarity to variations of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode (SAM), a persistent correspondence remains to be documented.Water chemistry and sediment-trap data suggest that lake-internal carbonate precipitation is highly sensitive to short-term changes in the lake water volume and, thus, to lake-level variations. However, it becomes obvious that the sedimentary carbonate record, representing changes on longer time scales, is not linearly linked to lake-level changes, hence complicating quantitative lake-level reconstructions back in time. We suggest that short-term changes in authigenic carbonate production are mainly driven by changing precipitation/evaporation ratios probably superimposed on longer-term changes in groundwater input that represent a buffered climate signal.Scenario calculations for a period of 60 years show that changes of the controlling meteorological parameters in the range of 15–17% can lead to lake-level changes with a magnitude comparable to the reconstructed Holocene and Lateglacial extreme situations. In addition, modifications in the water-retaining capacity of the lake can also produce large lake-level changes. It is hypothesized that the development or disappearance of permafrost in the catchment of Laguna Potrok Aike during the Last Glacial/Interglacial transition may have changed the water-retaining capacity tremendously. The lake-level reconstructions for Laguna Potrok Aike might express some of the meridional climate variability observed in coupled general circulation model (CGCM) simulations for southern South America for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the mid Holocene.
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