Geometrical excess entropy production in nonequilibrium quantum systems
Geometrical excess entropy production in nonequilibrium quantum systems
复制标题
非平衡量子系统中的几何过剩熵产生
DOI：
10.1007/s10955-013-0829-2
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Hisao Hayakawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tatsuro Yuge;Takahiro Sagawa;Ayumu Sugita;Hisao Hayakawa
对于由量子马尔可夫主方程描述的开放系统，我们研究了克劳修斯等式在非平衡定态（NESSs）之间的准静态操作的可能扩展。我们研究了多余的热量除以温度（即，过量熵产生），其在操作期间被转移到系统中。我们推导出一个几何表达式的过剩熵产生，这是类似于在幺正演化的Berry阶段。我们的结果意味着，在一般情况下，不能定义一个标量势的差异符合在热力学过程中的过剩熵产生，和矢量势起着至关重要的作用，在热力学的NESS。在弱非平衡制度，我们表明，几何表达式减少到扩展的克劳修斯等式由斋藤和田崎（J.统计。145：1275，2011）。作为一个例子，我们研究了量子点中的无自旋电子系统。我们发现，一个可以定义一个标量势时，只有一个水库的参数被修改的非相互作用系统，但这不再是一个相互作用系统的情况下。
For open systems described by the quantum Markovian master equation, we study a possible extension of the Clausius equality to quasistatic operations between nonequilibrium steady states (NESSs). We investigate the excess heat divided by temperature (i.e., excess entropy production) which is transferred into the system during the operations. We derive a geometrical expression for the excess entropy production, which is analogous to the Berry phase in unitary evolution. Our result implies that in general one cannot define a scalar potential whose difference coincides with the excess entropy production in a thermodynamic process, and that a vector potential plays a crucial role in the thermodynamics for NESSs. In the weakly nonequilibrium regime, we show that the geometrical expression reduces to the extended Clausius equality derived by Saito and Tasaki (J. Stat. Phys. 145:1275, 2011). As an example, we investigate a spinless electron system in quantum dots. We find that one can define a scalar potential when the parameters of only one of the reservoirs are modified in a non-interacting system, but this is no longer the case for an interacting system.