Can observational training substitute motor training in preventing backward balance loss after an unexpected slip during walking?
Can observational training substitute motor training in preventing backward balance loss after an unexpected slip during walking?
复制标题
DOI：
10.1152/jn.00720.2007
复制
发表时间：
2008-02-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Pai, Y. -C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bhatt, T.;Pai, Y. -C.
一个人意识到潜在的湿滑行走条件会导致谨慎的步态模式。本研究的目的是确定与这种认知调节相关的神经机械变化是否足以改变滑倒的结果，以及这种调节的效果是否与运动训练的效果相当。在第一次滑倒暴露之前，18 名年轻受试者观看了视频和幻灯片，展示了滑倒发生的地点和方式，以及人们如何适应反复滑倒暴露（观察）。另外 16 名没有收到任何此类信息的受试者所经历的第一次滑倒暴露的结果被用作对照（原始）。后者随后又经历了 23 次滑倒，因此担任运动训练组（运动组）的双重角色。针对滑倒前和滑倒后的情况，获得了针对向后失去平衡 (BLOB) 的步态稳定性。滑倒肢体后方的保护性台阶着陆确定了每个 BLOB 结果。与初始组相比，观察组具有更高的滑移后稳定性以及更低的滑移位移和速度。然而，这种影响不足以防止平衡损失（100% BLOB）。运动组在最后一次训练滑动（0% BLOB）中表现出明显优于观察组的表现。结果表明，通过观察训练用意识和知觉知识更新中枢神经系统的认知中心可以产生切实的好处。尽管如此，观察不能取代特定任务的运动训练，该训练自适应地更新稳定性极限的内部表示以预防 BLOB。
A person's awareness of potential slippery walking conditions induces a cautious gait pattern. The purposes of this study were to determine whether neuromechanical changes associated with such cognitive conditioning are sufficient to alter the outcome of a slip and whether the effects of such conditioning are comparable to those of motor training. Prior to their own first slip exposure, 18 young subjects watched videos and slides demonstrating where and how the slip would occur and how people adapted to repeated-slip exposure (observe). The outcomes of the first slip exposure experienced by another 16 subjects who did not receive any such information were used as controls (naive). The latter subjects subsequently experienced an additional 23 slips and thus served in a dual-role as the motor training group (motor). Gait stability as measured against backward loss of balance (BLOB) was obtained for pre- and postslip instances. A protective step landing posterior to the slipping-limb identified each BLOB outcome. The observe group had a greater postslip stability and lower slip displacement and velocity than the naive group. However, such effects were insufficient to prevent balance loss (100% BLOB). The motor group showed significantly better performance on the last training slip (0% BLOB) than did the observe group. The results indicated that updating the cognitive centers of the CNS with awareness and perceptual knowledge through observational training can yield tangible benefits. Nonetheless observation could not replace the task-specific motor training that adaptively updated the internal representations of stability limits for prevention of BLOB.