Fifteen, female and stressed: changing patterns of psychological distress over time
Fifteen, female and stressed: changing patterns of psychological distress over time
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/1469-7610.00130
复制
发表时间：
2003-03-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Sweeting, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
West, P;Sweeting, H
背景：尽管人们普遍认为年轻人的心理健康状况已经恶化，但由于缺乏随时间推移的可比数据集，以及他们测试有关这种变化原因的具体假设的能力，证据基础受到限制，在这种情况下，这些变化特别影响年轻女性。方法：对 1987 年和 1999 年对苏格兰西部的两组 15 岁青少年进行了比较，使用一般健康问卷的 12 项版本来测量心理困扰（GHQ 案例率，截止值 2/3），以及个人和表现担忧的项目和指数。结果：1987 年至 1999 年间，女性的 GHQ 患病率显着增加（从 19% 增加到 33%），但男性则没有显着增加（从 13% 增加到 15%），来自非手工和熟练手工背景的女性尤其经历了这一变化。除了一个值得注意的例外（失业）外，男性和女性的大多数担忧都增加了，在对学校表现的担忧方面出现了性别差距，女性的担忧更多。虽然个人担忧（例如，长相和体重）对 GHQ 公正性的影响随着时间的推移在两性中持续存在，但对表现的担忧仅在 1999 年才在女性中出现。以调查日期为指标，考试接近程度与 GHQ 公正性之间的关系也仅在 1999 年的女性中发现。结论：这一时期年轻女性心理困扰水平的增加可能是由于教育期望的增加，以及对个人身份的更传统的担忧，压力水平似乎升高，对心理健康产生不利影响。
Background: Despite a widespread view that the mental health of young people has deteriorated, the evidence base is limited by the lack of comparable datasets over time, and their capacity to test specific hypotheses about the causes of such change, in this case those particularly affecting young females. Method: Two cohorts of 15-year-olds in the West of Scotland, surveyed in 1987 and 1999, were compared, using the 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire to measure psychological distress (GHQ caseness, cut-off 2/3), together with items and indices of personal and performance worries. Results: Between 1987 and 1999, GHQ caseness increased significantly for females (from 19% to 33%), but not males (13% to 15%), a change particularly experienced by females from non-manual and skilled manual backgrounds. With one notable exception (unemployment), most worries also increased for both sexes, a gender gap emerging in respect of worries about school performance, females worrying more. While the effect of personal worries (e.g., looks and weight) on GHQ caseness persisted over time in both sexes, that of performance worries only emerged for females in 1999. Using survey date as an indicator, a relationship between proximity to exams and GHQ caseness was also only found among females in 1999. Conclusion: The increase in levels of psychological distress among young females over this period may be explained by an increase in educational expectations, which together with more traditional concerns about personal identity, appear to have elevated levels of stress, with adverse consequences for mental health.