Distribution and abundance of leptocephali in the western South Pacific region during two large-scale sampling surveys
Distribution and abundance of leptocephali in the western South Pacific region during two large-scale sampling surveys
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DOI：
10.1016/j.pocean.2022.102853
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发表时间：
2022-07
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Michael J. Miller;Madoka Shimizu;J. Aoyama;S. Watanabe;M. Kuroki;E. Feunteun;Takatoshi Higuchi;A. Takeuchi;Yu-San Han;P. Sasal;C. Dupuy;D. Jellyman;R. Schabetsberger;S. Kimura;N. Mochioka;T. Otake;K. Tsukamoto
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作者：
Michael J. Miller;Madoka Shimizu;J. Aoyama;S. Watanabe;M. Kuroki;E. Feunteun;Takatoshi Higuchi;A. Takeuchi;Yu-San Han;P. Sasal;C. Dupuy;D. Jellyman;R. Schabetsberger;S. Kimura;N. Mochioka;T. Otake;K. Tsukamoto
尽管幼鳗生活在淡水/河口栖息地，而海鳗生活在不同的海洋环境中，从浅到深的大陆架区域和岛屿周围，到深底栖生物栖息地和更深的中上层和深水区，但所有物种的幼虫（钩头体）都在海洋表层混合在一起。所有类型的鳗鱼栖息地都存在于南太平洋西部（WSP），因此它是研究长寿的钩头鲸的独特区域，特别是因为向西流动的南赤道洋流（SEC）和几股逆流穿过许多不同的WSP岛群和深海，鳗鲡和海鳗都在那里生活和产卵。2013年1 - 3月和2016年7 - 9月，分别在西南太平洋至法属波利尼西亚海域（99拖、78个站点、1052只幼虫）和187拖、111个站点、3976只幼虫)开展钩头类大开口IKMT抽样调查，共采集鳗形和鳗形科18科152种。中远洋服务性鳗鲡的幼虫是各大洋区最丰富的分类群，尤其在北太平洋和赤道纬度地区丰富。如前所述，澳大利亚和新西兰鳗鲡在西部海域产卵，热带鳗鲡的幼虫也只在西部海域捕获。中远洋带鱼和干鱼鳝的幼虫也广泛分布，但丰度较低，呈块状分布，而粗咽科、粗咽科和单咽科的幼虫较少。浅水鳗鱼幼虫在新喀里多尼亚西部靠近切斯特菲尔德群岛岸边或其他岛群附近最丰富，但在2016年经过塔希提岛两侧的最东端2个样带中很少见。一些较长的鳗鱼被认为在西部近海产卵。congridariosoma和各种浅水或斜坡鳗鱼在切斯特菲尔德群岛附近或新喀里多尼亚附近产卵，在那里水流可以将幼虫向西运送，并且存在向东逆流。一些沿海物种的幼虫分类群（muraenesocids和elopomorphies）非常罕见，所有非中上层鳗鱼的幼虫在远东样带都很罕见，但新喀里多尼亚地区的大陆架面积似乎是一个高生物多样性的地区，因为它是礁/岸鱼的一般。
Although juvenile anguillid eels live in freshwater/estuarine habitats, and marine eels live in diverse ocean environments ranging from shallow-to-deep continental shelf areas and around islands to deep-benthic habitats and deeper meso- and bathy- pelagic zones, the larvae (leptocephali) of all species mix together in the ocean surface layer. All types of eel habitats are present in the western South Pacific (WSP), so it is a unique region for studying long-lived leptocephali, especially because the westward flowing South Equatorial Current (SEC) and several countercurrents pass through many different WSP island groups and deep waters where both anguillid and marine eels live and spawn. Large mouth-opening IKMT sampling surveys for leptocephali were conducted in the southwest Pacific extending to French Polynesia in Jan-Mar 2013 (99 tows, 78 stations, 1052 larvae) and Jul-Sept 2016 (187 tows, 111 stations, 3976 larvae) that collected about 152 species of 18 anguilliform and elopomorph families. The larvae of mesopelagic serrivomerid eels were the most abundant taxa in all oceanic areas, and they were particularly abundant at northern SEC or equatorial latitudes. Australian and New Zealand anguillid eels had spawned in the western SEC areas, as previously detected, and the larvae of tropical anguillids were also only caught in western areas. The larvae of the mesopelagic nemichthyid and derichthyid eels were also widely distributed at lower abundances and with more patchy distributions, but larvae of Eurypharyngidae, Cyematidae, and Monognathidae were rare. Shallow-water eel larvae were most abundant west of New Caledonia near the banks of the Chesterfield Islands, or near other island-groups, but they were rare in the 2 easternmost 2016 transects passing by both sides of Tahiti. Some conger eels were suggested to have spawned in offshore areas in the western region. CongridAriosomaand various shallow-water or slope eels had spawned in the region near the Chesterfield Islands or near New Caledonia where current jets can transport larvae westward, and eastward countercurrents exist. Some taxa of larvae of coastal species (muraenesocids, and elopomorphs) were extremely rare, all non-mesopelagic eel larvae were rare in the far-eastern transects, but the New Caledonia region with large shelf areas appears to be a high biodiversity region for marine eels, as it is for reef/shore fish in general.