Disentangling the effects of technological and organizational changes during the rise of the factory: the case of the Japanese weaving industry, 1905－14
Disentangling the effects of technological and organizational changes during the rise of the factory: the case of the Japanese weaving industry, 1905－14
复制标题
理清工厂兴起过程中技术和组织变革的影响：以日本纺织业为例，1905-14
DOI：
10.1111/ehr.13065
复制
发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Tetsuji Okazaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Takeda;Hiroko;Tetsuji Okazaki
本文利用世纪初日本纺织业的独特数据，对工厂兴起过程中技术变革和组织变革的影响进行了梳理，为“工厂之争”做出了贡献。在此期间，各种生产组织共存，各种技术也共存，这为评估工厂系统的影响创造了绝佳的机会。通过回归分析和对描述性数据的观察，本研究发现，在控制了技术差异后，工厂中的人均产值是生产系统下的织布工和外包工的两倍左右。这种差别被认为反映了工厂、织工和外包工之间工作方式的差别，即工作时间和工作强度的差别。与此同时，在其他条件相同的情况下，动力工厂的人均产量是非动力工厂的两到三倍。因此，组织差异的影响程度几乎与技术差异相当。
This article contributes to the ‘factory debate’ by disentangling the effects of technological change and organizational change during the rise of the factory, using unique data from the weaving industry in early twentieth‐century Japan. During this period, a variety of production organizations co‐existed, as did a variety of technologies, which creates an excellent opportunity to evaluate the implications of the factory system. Using regression analyses and observation of descriptive data, this study finds that production value per worker was around two times larger in factories compared with weavers and outworkers under the putting‐out system, after controlling for the technological difference. This difference is supposed to reflect the difference in the mode of work—that is, working hours and work intensity—between factories and weavers and outworkers. Meanwhile, production per worker was two to three times larger for powered factories than non‐powered factories, other things being equal. Thus, the magnitude of the impact of organizational difference was almost comparable to that of technological difference.