Estrogen regulation of proto-oncogenes coding for nuclear proteins.
Estrogen regulation of proto-oncogenes coding for nuclear proteins.
复制标题
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1993
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Anat Weisz;Francesco Bresciani
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anat Weisz;Francesco Bresciani
已知雌激素通过调节细胞生长和分化对脊椎动物雌性生殖器官的发育和功能施加复杂的影响，并且涉及肿瘤发生和维持肿瘤生长。雌激素通过与细胞内受体的相互作用于细胞，所述细胞内受体与类固醇激素的所有受体一样，是由同源配体激活的反式作用转录增强子因子，并且能够结合通常位于靶基因的5 '侧翼区域内的特异性顺式作用增强子元件。此外，雌激素通过影响mRNA稳定性或通过雌激素受体与转录调节因子的相互作用来调节基因表达。本文综述了雌激素直接激活（初级激活）编码核蛋白的原癌基因表达的数据，这些核蛋白反过来又负责间接（次级）激活其他基因。这种基因激活的级联机制可能会进一步发展，并使我们能够设想雌激素如何指导细胞繁殖等复杂任务。在编码核蛋白的原癌基因中，我们主要关注fos、jun、myc及相关基因。综述了雌激素对这些基因的调控机制，包括转录调控、信使RNA稳定化和蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用。
Estrogen hormones are known to exert a complex influence on development and function of the female reproductive organs of vertebrates by regulating cell growth and differentiation, as well as to be implicated in oncogenesis and maintenance of tumor growth. Estrogen acts on cells via interaction with an intracellular receptor, which, like all receptors for steroid hormones, is a trans-acting transcription enhancer factor activated by the cognate ligand and capable of binding to specific, cis-acting enhancer elements usually located within the 5'-flanking regions of target genes. Additionally, estrogen regulates gene expression by influencing mRNA stability or via interaction of the estrogen receptor with transcription regulatory factors. This article reviews data indicating that estrogen directly activates (primary activation) expression of proto-oncogenes codifying for nuclear proteins that, in turn, are responsible for indirect (secondary) activation of other genes. This cascade mechanism of gene activation is likely to progress for several more steps and allows us to envisage how estrogen can direct a complex task such as cell reproduction. Among proto-oncogenes codifying for nuclear proteins, we focus on fos, jun, myc, and related genes. The mechanisms of regulation of these genes by estrogen, including regulation of transcription, messenger RNA stabilization, and protein-protein interaction, are reviewed.