A Century of Gibberellin Research.
A Century of Gibberellin Research.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00344-015-9546-1
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Sponsel V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hedden P;Sponsel V
赤霉素的研究起源于19世纪的日本，当时一种水稻疾病被证明是由真菌感染引起的。该疾病的症状，包括幼苗过度生长和不育，后来证明是由于真菌赤霉素（现在重新分类为fujikuroi镰刀菌）的分泌物引起的，赤霉素的活性成分由此得名。赤霉素对植物生长发育的深远影响，特别是矮突变体的生长恢复和一些莲座植物的抽芽和开花的诱导，促使人们猜测这些真菌代谢物是内源性植物生长调节剂，这在20世纪50年代末的化学表征中得到了证实。赤霉素现在已知存在于维管植物和一些真菌和细菌物种中。植物和真菌中赤霉素的生物合成在很大程度上已经从途径、酶、基因及其调控方面得到了解决。赤霉素在植物中通过消除生长限制而起作用的提议被证明可以诱导生长抑制蛋白DELLA的降解。2005年从水稻中鉴定出赤霉素受体，阐明了这一机制。目前对赤霉素作用的研究主要集中在DELLA蛋白作为基因表达调节因子的功能上。这篇综述追溯了赤霉素研究的历史，重点是早期的发现，使这一领域的最新进展。
Gibberellin research has its origins in Japan in the 19th century, when a disease of rice was shown to be due to a fungal infection. The symptoms of the disease including overgrowth of the seedling and sterility were later shown to be due to secretions of the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi (now reclassified as Fusarium fujikuroi), from which the name gibberellin was derived for the active component. The profound effect of gibberellins on plant growth and development, particularly growth recovery in dwarf mutants and induction of bolting and flowering in some rosette species, prompted speculation that these fungal metabolites were endogenous plant growth regulators and this was confirmed by chemical characterisation in the late 1950s. Gibberellins are now known to be present in vascular plants, and some fungal and bacterial species. The biosynthesis of gibberellins in plants and the fungus has been largely resolved in terms of the pathways, enzymes, genes and their regulation. The proposal that gibberellins act in plants by removing growth limitation was confirmed by the demonstration that they induce the degradation of the growth-inhibiting DELLA proteins. The mechanism by which this is achieved was clarified by the identification of the gibberellin receptor from rice in 2005. Current research on gibberellin action is focussed particularly on the function of DELLA proteins as regulators of gene expression. This review traces the history of gibberellin research with emphasis on the early discoveries that enabled the more recent advances in this field.