Nidovirales
Nidovirales
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DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-12-384684-6.00066-5
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发表时间：
2011-11-23
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本章重点介绍Nidovirales目，其成员包括动脉病毒科、冠状病毒科和Roniviridae。NidoVirus基因组是一种有感染性的、线性的、正义的RNA分子，它是有帽的，并被多腺化。根据基因组大小，它们被分为大和小两组NidoVirus。大型NIDOV的基因组长度远远超过25kb，大小差异在5kb范围内。根据基因组大小，它们可以分为两组，大的和小的NidoVirus。大型NIDOV的基因组长度远远超过25kb，大小差异在5kb范围内。尽管NidoVirus的结构蛋白在功能上基本相同，但没有明确的迹象表明，任何单一的蛋白物种在所有家族中都是进化保守的。冠状病毒科的成员通常拥有三到四种包膜蛋白。最丰富的是膜(M)蛋白。冠状病毒、圆环病毒和巴菲尼病毒的M蛋白虽然在序列上不同，但在大小、结构和功能上都是相似的。NidoVirus有脂膜，通常通过在内质网、中间隔室和/或高尔基复合体的膜上发芽而获得。在冠状病毒中，S蛋白是T细胞反应的重要靶点，也是病毒中和抗体的主要诱导者，病毒中和抗体主要由位于分子N端一半的表位激发。
This chapter focuses on the Nidovirales order whose member families include Arteriviridae, Coronaviridae, and Roniviridae. The nidoviruses genome is an infectious, linear, positive sense RNA molecule, which is capped and polyadenylated. Based on the genome size, they are divided into two groups large and small nidoviruses. The genomes of the large nidoviruses are well over 25 kb in length with size differences in the 5 kb range. Based on the genome size, they can be distinguished into two groups, large and small nidoviruses. The genomes of the large nidoviruses are well over 25 kb in length with size differences in the 5 kb range. Although the structural proteins of the nidoviruses are generally functionally equivalent, there is no firm indication that any single protein species is evolutionary conserved across all of the families. Members of the family Coronaviridae generally possess three or four envelope proteins. The most abundant one is the membrane (M) protein. Though different in sequence, the M proteins of corona-, toro-, and bafiniviruses are alike in size, structure, and presumably also in function. Nidoviruses have lipid envelopes, which are commonly acquired by budding at membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum, intermediate compartment and/or Golgi complex. In coronaviruses, the S protein is an important target for T cell responses and is the major inducer of virus-neutralizing antibodies, which are elicited by epitopes located mostly in the N-terminal half of the molecule.