A supracellular system of actin-lined canals controls biogenesis and release of virulence factors in parasitoid venom glands
A supracellular system of actin-lined canals controls biogenesis and release of virulence factors in parasitoid venom glands
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DOI：
10.1242/jeb.025718
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发表时间：
2009-07-15
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Govind, Shubha
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ferrarese, Roberto;Morales, Jorge;Govind, Shubha
寄生蜂产生的毒力因子与病毒有很大的相似性，并具有阻断宿主防御反应的能力。这些毒力因子主要在黄蜂毒腺中产生，它们的功能以及它们干扰宿主发育和生理的方式仍然是个谜。在这里，我们报告的发现，一个专门的系统的管道在毒腺的五个寄生蜂，不同的感染策略。这种细胞上管道系统由单个分泌单位组成，每个分泌细胞一个。单个单元合并到管腔中。分泌细胞内每个通道近端的膜表面呈刷状缘形态，内衬成束的F-肌动蛋白。细胞松弛素D的全身给药损害了分泌单位的完整性。我们显示了一个动态的和连续的协会p40，一个蛋白质的病毒样颗粒从果蝇寄生虫，L。异型瘤，具有管和毒液腺腔。果蝇寄生蜂Leptopilina属三种和Ganaspis xanthopoda的相似结构，和Campoletis sonorenesis，Heliothis virescens的寄生蜂，表明这种新的超细胞管道系统可能是寄生蜂毒腺的共同特征，对于有效的生物合成和毒力因子的传递至关重要。
Parasitoid wasps produce virulence factors that bear significant resemblance to viruses and have the ability to block host defense responses. The function of these virulence factors, produced predominantly in wasp venom glands, and the ways in which they interfere with host development and physiology remain mysterious. Here, we report the discovery of a specialized system of canals in venom glands of five parasitoid wasps that differ in their infection strategies. This supracellular canal system is made up of individual secretory units, one per secretory cell. Individual units merge into the canal lumen. The membrane surface of the proximal end of each canal within the secretory cell assumes brush border morphology, lined with bundles of F-actin. Systemic administration of cytochalasin D compromises the integrity of the secretory unit. We show a dynamic and continuous association of p40, a protein of virus-like particles from a Drosophila parasitoid, L. heterotoma, with the canal and venom gland lumen. Similar structures in three Leptopilina species and Ganaspis xanthopoda, parasitoids of Drosophila spp., and Campoletis sonorenesis, a parasitoid of Heliothis virescens, suggest that this novel supracellular canal system is likely to be a common trait of parasitoid venom glands that is essential for efficient biogenesis and delivery of virulence factors.