Gregariousness, foraging effort, and affiliative interactions in lactating bonobos and chimpanzees
Gregariousness, foraging effort, and affiliative interactions in lactating bonobos and chimpanzees
复制标题
哺乳期倭黑猩猩和黑猩猩的群居性、觅食努力和亲缘关系
DOI：
10.1093/beheco/araa130
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Murray, Carson M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee, Sean M;Hohmann, Gottfried;Lonsdorf, Elizabeth V;Fruth, Barbara;Murray, Carson M
裂变-融合动力学已经在广泛的动物类群中进化，并被认为允许个体减轻进食竞争。虽然这是裂变聚变的主要好处，但很少有研究评估其成本。我们比较了哺乳期倭黑猩猩和野生黑猩猩的群居性、觅食预算和社会预算，以评估潜在的成本。这两个物种都表现出裂变-融合动力学，但黑猩猩，特别是东非的黑猩猩，似乎比倭黑猩猩经历了更高的进食竞争。我们预计哺乳期黑猩猩的群居性要低于哺乳期倭黑猩猩;减少群居性应该允许哺乳期黑猩猩减轻更高的觅食竞争的成本，而不需要更多的觅食努力。然而，我们预计哺乳期黑猩猩的群居性降低，限制了他们的时间可用于亲和互动。利用LuiKotale倭黑猩猩和贡贝黑猩猩的长期数据，我们发现哺乳期黑猩猩确实比哺乳期倭黑猩猩更不合群，而进食和旅行时间在物种之间没有差异。与我们的预测相反，哺乳期的雌性在社会交往时间上没有差异，哺乳期的黑猩猩花在与未成熟后代以外的个体交往上的时间更多。我们的研究结果表明，哺乳期黑猩猩可以保持社会预算哺乳期倭黑猩猩相比，尽管减少合群，而不会产生额外的觅食成本。我们讨论了为什么哺乳期倭黑猩猩更合群的潜在解释。
Fission–fusion dynamics have evolved in a broad range of animal taxa and are thought to allow individuals to mitigate feeding competition. While this is the principal benefit of fission–fusion, few studies have evaluated its costs. We compared gregariousness, foraging budgets, and social budgets between lactating bonobos and chimpanzees from wild populations to evaluate potential costs. Both species exhibit fission–fusion dynamics, but chimpanzees, particularly in East African populations, appear to experience higher feeding competition than bonobos. We expected lactating chimpanzees to be less gregarious than lactating bonobos; reduced gregariousness should allow lactating chimpanzees to mitigate the costs of higher feeding competition without requiring more foraging effort. However, we expected the reduced gregariousness of lactating chimpanzees to limit their time available for affiliative interactions. Using long-term data from LuiKotale bonobos and Gombe chimpanzees, we found that lactating chimpanzees were indeed less gregarious than lactating bonobos, while feeding and travel time did not differ between species. Contrary to our predictions, lactating females did not differ in social interaction time, and lactating chimpanzees spent proportionately more time interacting with individuals other than their immature offspring. Our results indicate that lactating chimpanzees can maintain social budgets comparable to lactating bonobos despite reduced gregariousness and without incurring additional foraging costs. We discuss potential explanations for why lactating bonobos are more gregarious.