Appraising behaviour during male-male interaction in the Japanese horned beetle Trypoxylus dichotomus septentrionalis (kono)
Appraising behaviour during male-male interaction in the Japanese horned beetle Trypoxylus dichotomus septentrionalis (kono)
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DOI：
10.1163/156853903322127959
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发表时间：
2003-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Hongo, Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hongo, Y
详细的竞争行为的日本角甲虫，Trypoxylus dichotomus septentrionalis，在现场进行了检查。男性-男性的相互作用有三个序列，并在这些序列中的四个行为阶段被确认。在两个男性遇到（阶段1），他们总是面对和推对方与他们的角（阶段2：“推”）。然后，如果参赛者之间的角长度或身体大小差异很大，一只雄性开始撤退，并被另一只雄性追赶，互动终止（阶段4A：“追逐”）。如果差异很小，相互作用就进入了升级的战斗阶段（第三阶段：“窥探”），两个雄性把它们的角放在对手下面，互相推，试图把对方翻起来。进入第三阶段的交互有两种终止方式。如果体型差异很大，一只雄性会被另一只雄性翻起来，相互作用很快就终止了（阶段4 B）。如果差异很小，则相互作用不会如此迅速地终止，并且会继续，直到一个雄性开始撤退，进行到阶段4A。据建议，男性与较短的角相对于对手避免升级的战斗阶段，“Pry”，感知角长度差异后，在“推”，这将是一个评价行为。因此，“推”是所有互动过程中最重要的阶段，因为这里做出的判断比例最高。角长的巨大异速生长变化在目前对提高相互评价效率的作用比在实际战斗中的作用更大。
Detailed contest behaviour of the Japanese horned beetle, Trypoxylus dichotomus septentrionalis, was examined in the field. Male-male interactions have three sequences, and in these sequences four behavioural stages were recognized. After two males encountered (Stage 1), they always faced and shoved each other with their horns (Stage 2: 'Shoving'). Then, if the horn length or body size difference between the contestants was large, one male began to retreat and was chased by the other male, and the interactions terminated (Stage 4A: 'Chasing'). If the difference was small, the interactions proceeded to the escalated fighting stage (Stage 3: 'Pry'), in which two males put their horns under their opponents and push and try to flip them up each other. The interactions, which proceeded to Stage 3, have two ways of termination. If the body size difference was large, one male was flipped up by the other male, and the interactions was terminated quickly (Stage 4B). If the difference was small, the interactions was not terminated so quickly and continued until one male began to retreat, proceeding to Stage 4A. It is suggested that males with shorter horns relative to the opponents avoid the escalated fighting stage, 'Pry', after perceiving the horn length difference during 'Shoving', which would be an appraising behaviour. Thus, 'Shoving' is the most important stage among all the interaction processes in that the highest proportion of judgement is made here. The great allometric variation of horn length would presently function more greatly for enhancing the efficiency of mutual appraisal than that in actual fighting.