Sodium and potassium intakes among US adults: NHANES 2003-2008
Sodium and potassium intakes among US adults: NHANES 2003-2008
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DOI：
10.3945/ajcn.112.034413
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发表时间：
2012-09-01
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Moshfegh, Alanna J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cogswell, Mary E.;Zhang, Zefeng;Moshfegh, Alanna J.
背景资料：美国心脏协会（AHA）、医学研究所（IOM）和美国卫生与公众服务部和农业部（USDA）的《美国人膳食指南》（Dietary Guidelines for Americans）都建议美国人限制钠的摄入量，并选择含钾的食物，以降低高血压和其他不良健康后果的风险。目的：我们根据社会人口统计学和健康特征估计了相对于当前建议的日常钠和钾摄入量的分布。设计：我们使用了2003-2008年参加NHANES的12,581名年龄≥ 20岁的成年人的24小时饮食回忆和其他数据。通过使用测量误差模型，对钠和钾摄入量的估计值进行了个体内每日变化的调整。通过使用重叠重复权重评估SE和95%CI。（95%置信度：99.3%，99.5%）的美国成年人每天摄入的钠量超过AHA推荐的量（≥ 51岁或患有高血压、糖尿病或慢性肾病的患者），98.8%（98.4%，99.2%）总体摄入量>1500 mg/d，60.4%摄入量>3000 mg/d，超过推荐量的两倍。总的来说，= 4700毫克K/天（即，满足钾的建议）。结论：无论建议或社会人口统计学或健康特征，绝大多数美国成年人摄入过多的钠和过少的钾。美国临床营养杂志2012;96：647-57。
Background: The American Heart Association (AHA), Institute of Medicine (IOM), and US Departments of Health and Human Services and Agriculture (USDA) Dietary Guidelines for Americans all recommend that Americans limit sodium intake and choose foods that contain potassium to decrease the risk of hypertension and other adverse health outcomes.Objective: We estimated the distributions of usual daily sodium and potassium intakes by sociodemographic and health characteristics relative to current recommendations.Design: We used 24-h dietary recalls and other data from 12,581 adults aged >= 20 y who participated in NHANES in 2003-2008. Estimates of sodium and potassium intakes were adjusted for within-individual day-to-day variation by using measurement error models. SEs and 95% CIs were assessed by using jackknife replicate weights.Results: Overall, 99.4% (95% Cl: 99.3%, 99.5%) of US adults consumed more sodium daily than recommended by the AHA (= 51 y or persons with hypertension, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease), 98.8% (98.4%, 99.2%) overall consumed >1500 mg/d, and 60.4% consumed >3000 mg/d-more than double the recommendation. Overall, = 4700 mg K/d (ie, met recommendations for potassium).Conclusion: Regardless of recommendations or sociodemographic or health characteristics, the vast majority of US adults consume too much sodium and too little potassium. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;96:647-57.