Model Predictive Control With Wind Preview for Aircraft Forced Landing
Model Predictive Control With Wind Preview for Aircraft Forced Landing
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DOI：
10.1109/taes.2023.3235321
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发表时间：
2023-08
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Xing Fang;Jingjing Jiang;Wen-Hua Chen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Xing Fang;Jingjing Jiang;Wen-Hua Chen
固定翼飞机的自主应急着陆能力对于民用无人航空开放空域至关重要。本文提出了一种面向目标的控制方案，以利用风信息来实现强制着陆。与传统控制系统中的一般干扰不同，有利的风将有助于飞机更容易地滑翔到选定的着陆点，从而提高安全水平，而不利的风可能使选定的着陆点不可行。我们制定了强制着陆问题的经济模型预测控制（EMPC），其目的是最大限度地提高飞机的最终高度时，到达目标区域的框架中的风预见信息。采用双层模型预测控制（MPC）方案，上层采用分段常数扰动预见EMPC最大化飞行高度，下层采用线性MPC跟踪上层规划器优化的参考信号，以减轻计算负担并增加预测时间窗口。此外，目标导向的最优控制方案的有效性说明了几个案例研究，其中无人驾驶飞机在各种条件下向潜在的着陆点滑翔。
Autonomous emergency landing capability of fixed-wing aircraft is essential for opening airspace for civil unmanned aviation. This article proposes a goal-oriented control scheme to exploit wind information for the benefit of forced landing. Different from general disturbances in a classic control system, a favorable wind would help aircraft to glide to a selected landing site more easily so increase the level of safety while an adverse wind may render a selected landing site infeasible. We formulate the forced landing problem with wind preview information in the framework of economic model predictive control (EMPC), which aims to maximize the aircraft's final altitude when reaching a target region. A double-layer model predictive control (MPC) scheme is adopted to lessen the computational burden and to increase the prediction time window for practical implementation, where a piecewise-constant disturbance-preview-based EMPC maximizes the altitude at the upper level, and a linear MPC is employed at the lower level to track the reference signal optimized by the upper-level planner. Moreover, the effectiveness of the goal-oriented optimal control scheme is illustrated by several case studies, where an unmanned aircraft is gliding toward potential landing sites under various conditions.