Historical Overview and General Methods of Membrane Potential Imaging
Historical Overview and General Methods of Membrane Potential Imaging
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-17641-3_1
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
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影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Choi，Yunsook
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Braubach，Oliver;Cohen，Lawrence B.;Choi，Yunsook
电压成像最初设想于 20 世纪 60 年代末，寻找更好的有机电压敏感染料的努力始于 1970 年代，并一直持续到今天。一开始，很难在一次试验中测量来自鱿鱼巨型轴突的动作电位信号。现在可以测量单个脊柱的动作电位。其他章节将讨论电压成像技术的进展以及在各种生物制剂中的应用。基因编码电压传感器的开发已经开始。基因编码传感器可以提供细胞类型特异性表达和电压记录（参见第20章）。优化光学记录的信噪比需要注意记录装置的几个方面。这些包括光源、光学器件和记录装置。近年来，这三者都取得了显着进步。弧光灯、LED 和激光源现在更稳定、更强大且更便宜。用于记录活动的相机的帧速率高于 1 kHz，量子效率接近 1.0，尽管它们仍然很昂贵。光学记录中的噪声源是众所周知的。本章讨论了设备和噪声源。
Voltage imaging was first conceived in the late 1960s and efforts to find better organic voltage sensitive dyes began in the 1970s and continue until today. At the beginning it was difficult to measure an action potential signal from a squid giant axon in a single trial. Now it is possible to measure the action potential in an individual spine. Other chapters will discuss advances in voltage imaging technology and applications in a variety of biological preparations. The development of genetically encoded voltage sensors has started. A genetically encoded sensor could provide cell type specific expression and voltage recording (see Chap. 20 ).Optimizing the signal-to-noise ratio of an optical recording requires attention to several aspects of the recording apparatus. These include the light source, the optics and the recording device. All three have improved substantially in recent years. Arc lamp, LED, and laser sources are now stable, more powerful, and less expensive. Cameras for recording activity have frames rates above 1 kHz and quantum efficiencies near 1.0 although they remain expensive. The sources of noise in optical recordings are well understood. Both the apparatus and the noise sources are discussed in this chapter.