An hypothesis to account for the maintenance of sex within populations
An hypothesis to account for the maintenance of sex within populations
复制标题
解释种群内性别维持的假设
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1978
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Jaenike
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Jaenike
对于有性生殖的进化意义问题，人们采取了两种方法。性别是否会导致更快的进化，这是第一个被考虑的问题（Fisher, 1930; Mu1_ler, Ig32），并且得到了最多的关注。费尔森斯坦（Felsenstein, 1974）和汤普森（Thompson, 1971 - 1976）对这一问题的思想史进行了清晰的回顾。这种对待性的方法是群体选择主义，因为性的好处，如果有的话，只能在相对较长的时间跨度内积累。第二种方法针对的问题是，为什么在人口中保留性别？必须记住，有性生殖需要减数分裂的双重成本（Maynard Smith, 1971），通过与种群基因库的激素化（Lewontin, L97L; w11L1aurs, L975）以及诸如花蜜产品离子（Sol-br -g, L976）等辅助成本，对适应良好的基因型进行重组。尤其是威廉姆斯（L975），他支持这样一种观点，即性的适应价值必须在个体层面上寻求。为了支持这一观点，他指出存在有性繁殖和无性繁殖的物种。梅纳德·斯恩斯（Maynard srnth）指出，在自然种群中，重组率是可变和可选择的，这在某种程度上类似于性别。
Two approaches to the problem of the evol-utionary signlficance of sexual reproduct ion have been taken. The quest lon of whether or not sex faci l i tates faster evolut ion was the f i rst considered (Fisher, 1930; Mu1_ler, Ig32) and has received the most attent ion. Felsenstein (L974) and Thompson ( l -976) have presented lucid reviews of the history of ideas on this quest ion. This approach to sex is group-select ionist , as the benef l ts of sex, i f any, accrue only-over rel-at ively great spans of t ime. The second approach is dlrected to the questlon, llhy is sex retained within popul-ations? It must be remembered that sexual reproduction entalls a two-fold cost of meiosis (Maynard Smith, 1971), a recomblnat ionalload for well-adapted genotyPes, through hornogenization viith the gene pool of the popul-at lon (Lewontin, L97L; w11L1aurs, L975) as we1l as subsidiary costs, such as product ion of nectar (Sol-br i-g, L976). WiLllams (L975), especially, has championed the view that the adaptive value of sex must be sought at the level of the lndividual. In support of this, he ci tes the existence of specles in which both sexual and asexual" reproduction occur. Maynard Srnlth (1-976) points out that rates of recombinat,ion, whieh is somewhat analogous to sex, are varl-able and selectable in naturalpopulat{ons.