Working-Memory Load as a Factor Determining the Safety Performance of Construction Workers
Working-Memory Load as a Factor Determining the Safety Performance of Construction Workers
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DOI：
10.1061/9780784482872.054
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发表时间：
2020-11
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Gentian Liko;B. Esmaeili;Sogand Hasanzadeh;Michael D. Dodd;Rebecca Brock
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gentian Liko;B. Esmaeili;Sogand Hasanzadeh;Michael D. Dodd;Rebecca Brock
认知过程已被发现大大有助于导致建筑事故的人为错误。工作记忆是一种具有有限容量的认知系统，它处理存储和主动加工，并且对许多不同的过程至关重要。作为建筑行业研究的出发点，本研究将注意力分配（通过眼动追踪测量）与工作记忆相关联，以评估工人在不同场景下暴露于各种危险的情况下的情况意识。为了实现这一目标，本研究将眼动和工人注意力的研究与工作记忆负荷和决策的研究相结合，以评估工人在不同工作记忆负荷下执行任务时注意力的分布情况。路径分析模型，然后研究了不同的工作记忆负荷对危险识别性能的直接和间接影响。自变量（工作记忆负荷）通过一组中介（注意力指标）与因变量（危险识别）相关联。结果表明，高记忆负荷条件延迟了工人的危险识别。这项研究的结果强调了工作记忆在确定动态工作环境中的工人如何以及为什么不能检测，理解和/或应对身体风险方面的重要作用。
Cognitive processes have been found to contribute substantially to the human errors that lead to construction accidents. Working memory is a cognitive system with a limited capacity that deals with storage and active processing and is critical to a number of different processes. As a departure in construction industry research, this study correlates attentional allocation (measured via eye tracking) with working memory to assess workers’ situation awareness under different scenarios that expose workers to various hazards. To achieve this goal, this study merges research linking eye movements and workers’ attention with research focused on working-memory load and decision making to evaluate what, how, and where a worker distributes his/her attention while performing a task under different working-memory loads. Path analysis models then examined the direct and indirect effect of different working-memory loads on hazard identification performance. The independent variable (working-memory load) is linked to the dependent variable (hazard identification) through a set of mediators (attention metrics). The results showed that the high-memory load condition delayed workers’ hazard identification. The findings of this study emphasize the important role working memory plays in determining how and why workers in dynamic work environments fail to detect, comprehend, and/or respond to physical risks.