Understanding the marvels behind liver regeneration
Understanding the marvels behind liver regeneration
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/wdev.340
复制
发表时间：
2019-05-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nyberg, Scott L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abu Rmilah, Anan;Zhou, Wei;Nyberg, Scott L.
组织再生是损伤器官的剩余细胞再生以抵消丢失的细胞的过程。这一领域是一个相对较新的学科，几十年来一直是临床医生、外科医生和科学家密集研究的重点。它构成了组织工程、人工器官的创造以及治疗性干细胞的产生和利用的基石，以经历向不同类型的成熟细胞的转化。许多医学专家、科学家、生物学家和生物工程师都致力于深入了解肝脏再生的过程，努力利用它来发明治疗肝功能衰竭的新疗法。多年来，研究人员对啮齿动物肝部分切除后的肝再生进行了广泛的研究。它分为三个重要的阶段，包括(A)启动或启动阶段，包括特定基因的过度表达，为肝细胞的复制做准备；(B)增殖阶段，在此阶段肝细胞经历一系列的细胞分裂和扩张周期；(C)终止阶段，作为刹车停止再生过程，防止肝组织过度生长。这些事件受到细胞因子、生长因子和信号通路的很好控制。在本文中，我们描述了人类肝脏的功能、胚胎学和解剖学，讨论了肝再生的分子基础，阐明了参与肝再生过程的肝细胞和胆管细胞系，解释了肝祖细胞的作用，并阐述了促进肝小叶完全修复所需的发育信号通路和调节分子。
Tissue regeneration is a process by which the remaining cells of an injured organ regrow to offset the missed cells. This field is relatively a new discipline that has been a focus of intense research by clinicians, surgeons, and scientists for decades. It constitutes the cornerstone of tissue engineering, creation of artificial organs, and generation and utilization of therapeutic stem cells to undergo transformation to different types of mature cells. Many medical experts, scientists, biologists, and bioengineers have dedicated their efforts to deeply comprehend the process of liver regeneration, striving for harnessing it to invent new therapies for liver failure. Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rodents has been extensively studied by researchers for many years. It is divided into three important distinctive phases including (a) Initiation or priming phase which includes an overexpression of specific genes to prepare the liver cells for replication, (b) Proliferation phase in which the liver cells undergo a series of cycles of cell division and expansion and finally, (c) termination phase which acts as brake to stop the regenerative process and prevent the liver tissue overgrowth. These events are well controlled by cytokines, growth factors, and signaling pathways. In this review, we describe the function, embryology, and anatomy of human liver, discuss the molecular basis of liver regeneration, elucidate the hepatocyte and cholangiocyte lineages mediating this process, explain the role of hepatic progenitor cells and elaborate the developmental signaling pathways and regulatory molecules required to procure a complete restoration of hepatic lobule.