The evolution of fungus-growing termites and their mutualistic fungal symbionts
The evolution of fungus-growing termites and their mutualistic fungal symbionts
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.222313099
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发表时间：
2002-11-12
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Boomsma, JJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Aanen, DK;Eggleton, P;Boomsma, JJ
我们估计真菌生长的白蚁和其相关的互惠真菌的白蚁属使用贝叶斯分析的DNA序列。我们的研究表明，共生有一个单一的非洲起源和其他真菌的二次驯化或互惠共生真菌逆转到一个自由生活的状态还没有发生。宿主转换很频繁，尤其是在较低的分类学水平上，单个白蚁物种的巢穴可能有不同的共生体。数据是一致的水平传播的真菌共生体在这两个祖先的互利共生状态和大多数现存的类群。真菌的克隆垂直传播，以前在小白蚁属（通过雌性）和大白蚁种（通过雄性）中很常见[约翰逊，R.一、托马斯河J.，Wood，T. G. & Swift，M. J.（1981）J.Nat.Hist.15，751-756]，其衍生自两个独立的起源。尽管反复的主机切换，考虑到系统发育的不确定性的统计检验表明白蚁和真菌的共生性之间的显着一致性，因为在较高的分类水平的互利互动表现出相当大的特异性。我们确定真菌农业进化的共同特点，白蚁和蚂蚁，适用于尽管这两种昆虫农业系统之间的主要差异。我们推测，双亲殖民地的建立可能限制了白蚁的垂直共生体传输的进化，但在蚂蚁中，男性交配后死亡。
We have estimated phylogenies of fungus-growing termites and their associated mutualistic fungi of the genus Termitomyces using Bayesian analyses of DNA sequences. Our study shows that the symbiosis has a single African origin and that secondary domestication of other fungi or reversal of mutualistic fungi to a free-living state has not occurred. Host switching has been frequent, especially at the lower taxonomic levels, and nests of single termite species can have different symbionts. Data are consistent with horizontal transmission of fungal symbionts in both the ancestral state of the mutualism and most of the extant taxa. Clonal vertical transmission of fungi, previously shown to be common in the genus Microtermes (via females) and in the species Macrotermes bellicosus (via males) [Johnson, R. A., Thomas, R. J., Wood, T. G. & Swift, M. J. (1981) J. Nat. Hist. 15, 751-756], is derived with two independent origins. Despite repeated host switching, statistical tests taking phylogenetic uncertainty into account show a significant congruence between the termite and fungal phylogenies, because mutualistic interactions at higher taxonomic levels show considerable specificity. We identify common characteristics of fungus-farming evolution in termites and ants, which apply despite the major differences between these two insect agricultural systems. We hypothesize that biparental colony founding may have constrained the evolution of vertical symbiont transmission in termites but not in ants where males die after mating.