Patterns of Gender-Specializing Query Reformulation
Patterns of Gender-Specializing Query Reformulation
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DOI：
10.1145/3539618.3592034
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发表时间：
2023-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Amifa Raj;Bhaskar Mitra;Nick Craswell;Michael D. Ekstrand
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文献类型：
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作者：
Amifa Raj;Bhaskar Mitra;Nick Craswell;Michael D. Ekstrand
搜索系统的用户经常通过添加查询词来重新制定他们的查询，以反映他们不断变化的信息需求，或者在系统无法呈现相关内容时更精确地表达他们的信息需求。分析这些查询重构可以告诉我们系统和用户的行为。在这项工作中，我们研究了一类特殊的查询重构，涉及指定人口统计组属性，如性别，作为重构查询的一部分（例如，“2021年奥运会足球比赛结果”->“2021年奥运会女子足球比赛结果”）。查询、搜索结果和人口统计学属性（如性别）之间可能存在许多联系，这导致我们假设这些重构模式的不同原因，如原始结果页面上的代表性不足或基于标记的语言学理论。本文报告了一项观察性研究的性别专门化查询重新制定-他们的背景和影响-作为一个透镜系统的结果和性别之间的关系，大规模的搜索日志数据的基础上，从必应。我们发现，这些重新表述有时正确，有时加强了原始结果页面上的性别代表性，但通常会更好地访问最终选择的结果。这些重新表述的流行程度-以及它们倾向于哪种性别-因主题背景而异。然而，我们没有发现证据表明，无论是组的代表性不足或标记单独充分解释这些重新制定。我们希望未来的研究将使用这种重新表述作为对搜索结果页面上的性别（和其他人口统计学）表示进行更深入调查的探针。
Users of search systems often reformulate their queries by adding query terms to reflect their evolving information need or to more precisely express their information need when the system fails to surface relevant content. Analyzing these query reformulations can inform us about both system and user behavior. In this work, we study a special category of query reformulations that involve specifying demographic group attributes, such as gender, as part of the reformulated query (e.g., ''olympic 2021 soccer results'' -> ''olympic 2021 women's soccer results"). There are many ways a query, the search results, and a demographic attribute such as gender may relate, leading us to hypothesize different causes for these reformulation patterns, such as under-representation on the original result page or based on the linguistic theory of markedness. This paper reports on an observational study of gender-specializing query reformulations---their contexts and effects---as a lens on the relationship between system results and gender, based on large-scale search log data from Bing. We find that these reformulations sometimes correct for and other times reinforce gender representation on the original result page, but typically yield better access to the ultimately-selected results. The prevalence of these reformulations---and which gender they skew towards---differ by topical context. However, we do not find evidence that either group under-representation or markedness alone adequately explains these reformulations. We hope that future research will use such reformulations as a probe for deeper investigation into gender (and other demographic) representation on the search result page.