Gaze aversion: A response to cognitive or social difficulty?
Gaze aversion: A response to cognitive or social difficulty?
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03195338
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发表时间：
2005-06-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Phelps, FG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Doherty-Sneddon, G;Phelps, FG
当被问到问题时，成人和儿童经常将目光转移到互动中的某些点上，尤其是当问题很困难时（Doherty-Sneddon, Bruce, Bonner, Longbotham, & Doyle, 2002; Glenberg, Schroeder, & Robertson, 1998）。目光厌恶可能是管理与视觉环境信息处理相关的认知负荷的一种方式，或者它可以用于减轻负面的社会情感体验，例如与对失败的恐惧相关的自我意识。在本研究中，36 名 8 岁儿童接受了面对面或通过实时视频链接的询问。问题的类型（算术、语言推理、自传体和情景记忆）和难度各不相同。与视频提问相比，孩子们在面对面提问时更多地转移目光；然而，在两种面试条件下，问题难度对厌恶都有很大的影响。结论是，尽管社会因素在教学问答序列中儿童的凝视厌恶中发挥作用，但回避凝视的主要功能是管理环境信息处理中涉及的认知负荷。
When asked questions, adults and children often avert their gaze at certain points within the interaction, especially when questions are difficult (Doherty-Sneddon, Bruce, Bonner, Longbotham, & Doyle, 2002; Glenberg, Schroeder, & Robertson, 1998). Gaze aversion may be a way of managing the cognitive load associated with the processing of visual environmental information, or it may serve to alleviate a negative social-emotional experience, such as the self-consciousness associated with, for example, a fear of failure. In the present study, thirty-six 8-year-olds were questioned either face to face or across a live video link. Questions varied in type (arithmetic, verbal reasoning, and autobiographical and episodic memory) and in difficulty. Children averted their gaze more during face-to-face questioning than during video-mediated questioning; however, question difficulty had a very strong influence on aversion in both interview conditions. It is concluded that although social factors play a role in children's gaze aversion during pedagogical question-answer sequences, the primary function of averting gaze is to manage the cognitive load involved in the processing of environmental information.