The effects of dietary carbohydrate on the growth, antioxidant capacities, innate immune responses and pathogen resistance of juvenile Black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus.
The effects of dietary carbohydrate on the growth, antioxidant capacities, innate immune responses and pathogen resistance of juvenile Black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fsi.2015.12.030
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发表时间：
2016-02
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Chenglong Wu;Jinyun Ye;Jun’e Gao;Lian Chen;Zhibin Lu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chenglong Wu;Jinyun Ye;Jun’e Gao;Lian Chen;Zhibin Lu
本研究以不同水平的饲料碳水化合物（CHO）（0.6、106.5、194.3、288.4、379.1和473.8 g kg−1）喂养青鱼幼鱼9周，研究其生长、抗氧化能力、先天免疫应答和病原菌抗性。结果表明，在288.4 g kg− 1饲料CHO时获得最高的增重和特殊生长率。饲料中添加适量的CHO（288.4g kg−1）可显著提高肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（Gpx）的活性，促进还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）的含量，从而提高肝脏总抗氧化能力（TAOC）。然而，过量的饲料CHO可显著加重鱼肝脏中的丙二醛（MDA）水平。与CHO缺乏饲料相比，饲料中添加379.1 g kg− 1 CHO可显著增加青鲤幼鱼血清皮质醇（COL）水平。与CHO缺乏饲料（0.6和106.5 g kg−1）或CHO过量饲料（379.1和473.8 g kg−1）相比，饲料中CHO含量为194.3 g kg− 1时，青鱼幼鱼血清中谷丙转氨酶（GPT）和谷草转氨酶（GOT）的活性均降低。此外，288.4 g kg− 1饲料CHO可显著上调铁调素（HEPC）、天然抗性相关巨噬细胞蛋白（NRAMP）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和干扰素（IFN）的mRNA表达水平，草鱼幼鱼血液和肝脏中溶菌酶（LYZ）和补体成分3（C3）的含量（0.6和106.5 g kg−1）。此外，与CHO缺乏或过量相比，288.4 g kg− 1的CHO还能提高C3和血浆一氧化氮（NO）含量，并提高血清中LYZ和总一氧化氮合酶（t-NOS）活性。此外，在感染气单胞菌的青鱼幼鱼中，投喂充足的CHO（194.3和288.4 g kg-1）也可提高其成活率。总之，这些结果表明，充足的饲料CHO（288.4 g kg−1）可以促进生长，降低氧化应激，增强先天免疫反应，改善健康状况，从而提高青鱼幼鱼的抗病能力。
The present study was focused on the growth, antioxidant capacities, innate immune responses and pathogen resistance in juvenile Black carpMylopharyngodon piceusfed with graded levels of dietary carbohydrate (CHO) (0.6, 106.5, 194.3, 288.4, 379.1 and 473.8 g kg−1) for 9 weeks. Results showed that highest weight gain and special growth ratio was obtained at 288.4 g kg−1dietary CHO. And adequate dietary CHO content (288.4 g kg−1) could significantly increase the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), promote reduced glutathione (GSH) content and then increase the total antioxidant capacities (TAOC) in the liver ofM. piceus. However, the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the fish liver could be significantly aggravated by excessive dietary CHO. Serum cortisol (COL) levels could be significantly increased in juvenile Black carpM. piceusfed with 379.1 g kg−1dietary CHO compared with CHO-deficient diets. Activities of alanine transaminase (GPT) and aspartate transaminase (GOT) were both decreased in the serum of juvenile Black carpM. piceusfed with 194.3 g kg−1dietary CHO compared with CHO-deficient diets (0.6 and 106.5 g kg−1) or CHO-excess diets (379.1 and 473.8 g kg−1). In addition, 288.4 g kg−1dietary CHO could significantly up-regulate the mRNA expression levels of hepcidin (HEPC), natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon (IFN), lysozyme (LYZ) and complement component 3 (C3) in the blood and liver samples of juvenile Black carpM. piceuscompared with the CHO-deficient diets (0.6 and 106.5 g kg−1). Moreover, 288.4 g kg−1dietary CHO could also enhance the contents of C3 and plasma nitrogen monoxide (NO), and increase the activities of LYZ and total nitric oxide synthase (t-NOS) in the serum compared with the CHO-deficient or CHO-excess diets. Furthermore, the survival rates were also increased by adequate dietary CHO (194.3 and 288.4 g kg−1) fed to juvenile Black carpM. piceusafter infection withAeromonas hydrophila. In conclusion, these results suggest that adequate dietary CHO (288.4 g kg−1) could increase growth, reduce oxidative stress, enhance innate immune responses, improve the health states and then promote disease resistance in juvenile Black carpM. piceus.