Carotenoids in white- and red-fleshed loquat fruits
Carotenoids in white- and red-fleshed loquat fruits
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DOI：
10.1021/jf071273h
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发表时间：
2007-09-19
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Chen, Kun-Song
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Zhou, Chun-Hua;Xu, Chang-Jie;Chen, Kun-Song
对 23 个枇杷 (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) 品种（其中 11 个为白肉，12 个为红肉）的果实进行了颜色、类胡萝卜素含量和维生素 A 值的分析。在果皮和果肉中观察到两个枇杷组之间的颜色差异。 β-胡萝卜素和叶黄素是果皮中主要的类胡萝卜素，约占红肉和白肉品种有色类胡萝卜素总量的60%。 P-隐黄质和某些红肉品种中的β-胡萝卜素是果肉中最丰富的类胡萝卜素，它们总共占有色类胡萝卜素的一半以上。还鉴定出新黄质、紫黄质、叶黄素、9-顺式紫黄质、八氢番茄红素、六氢番茄红素和 xi-胡萝卜素，而玉米黄质、α-胡萝卜素和番茄红素未检测到。叶黄素被高度酯化。平均而言，在红肉品种的果皮和果肉组织中观察到的有色类胡萝卜素含量分别高出 1.3 倍和 10.8 倍。红肉品种的果皮和果肉中，β-胡萝卜素在有色类胡萝卜素中的比例较高。分析了总有色类胡萝卜素水平与颜色指数之间的相关性。 a*和a*/b*比值与有色类胡萝卜素总含量呈正相关，而L*、b*和If呈负相关。白肉和红肉品种枇杷果肉的维生素 A 值（视黄醇当量 (RE)）平均分别为 0.49 和 8.77 μg/g DW（8.46 和 136.41 μg/100 g FW）。据文献报道，红肉水果的 RE 值高于芒果、红西瓜、木瓜和橙子等水果，表明枇杷是维生素 A 原的极好来源。
Fruits of 23 loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) cultivars, of which 11 were white-fleshed and 12 red-fleshed, were analyzed for color, carotenoid content, and vitamin A values. Color differences between two loquat groups were observed in the peel as well as in the flesh. beta-Carotene and lutein were the major carotenoids in the peel, which accounted for about 60% of the total colored carotenoids in both red- and white-fleshed cultivars. P-Cryptoxanthin and, in some red-fleshed cultivars, beta-carotene were the most abundant carotenoids in the flesh, and in total, they accounted for over half of the colored carotenoids. Neoxanthin, violaxanthin, luteoxanthin, 9-cis-violaxanthin, phytoene, phytofluene, and xi-carotene were also identified, while zeaxanthin, alpha-carotene, and lycopene were undetectable. Xanthophylls were highly esterified. On average, 1.3- and 10.8-fold higher levels of colored carotenoids were observed in the peel and flesh tissue of red-fleshed cultivars, respectively. The percentage of beta-carotene among colored carotenoids was higher in both the peel and the flesh of red-fleshed cultivars. Correlations between the levels of total colored carotenoids and the color indices were analyzed. The a* and the ratio of a*/b* were positively correlated with the total content of colored carotenoids, while L*, b*, and If correlated negatively. Vitamin A values, as retinol equivalents (RE), of loquat flesh were 0.49 and 8.77 mu g/g DW (8.46 and 136.41 mu g/100 g FW) on average for white and red-fleshed cultivars, respectively. The RE values for the red-fleshed fruits were higher than fruits such as mango, red watermelon, papaya, and orange as reported in the literature, suggesting that loquat is an excellent source of provitarnin A.