Costs of Selective Attention: When Children Notice What Adults Miss.
Costs of Selective Attention: When Children Notice What Adults Miss.
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DOI：
10.1177/0956797617693005
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发表时间：
2017-06
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Sloutsky VM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Plebanek DJ;Sloutsky VM
心理科学中一个类似于定律的规律是发展进程--从童年到成年，感觉运动、认知和社会功能的增长。在这里，我们报告了一个罕见的违反这一规律的现象--注意力的发展逆转。在实验1中，4至5岁的儿童（N= 34）和成人（N = 35）进行了变化检测任务，包括外部线索和非线索的形状。成人在有线索的图形上的表现优于儿童，而儿童在无线索的图形上的表现优于成人。在实验2中，相同的参与者完成了视觉搜索任务，他们的记忆进行了测试，搜索相关和搜索无关的信息。同样，幼儿在与搜索无关的特征方面优于成年人。这种自相矛盾的逆转揭示了早期注意力的一个新颖而令人惊讶的特性，从而加深了我们对注意力发展的理解。它还影响了我们对早期学习和更广泛的认知发展的理解。
One of the law-like regularities of psychological science is that of developmental progression – an increase in sensorimotor, cognitive, and social functioning from childhood to adulthood. Here we report a rare violation of this law – a developmental reversal in attention. In Experiment 1, 4-to-5-year-olds (N= 34) and adults (N = 35) performed a change detection task that included externally cued and uncued shapes. Whereas adults outperformed children on the cued shapes, children outperformed adults on the uncued shapes. In Experiment 2, the same participants completed a visual search task and their memory was tested for search-relevant and search-irrelevant information. Again, young children outperformed adults with respect to search-irrelevant features. This paradoxical reversal reveals a novel and surprising property of early attention, thus deepening our understanding of the development of attention. It also affects our understanding of early learning and of cognitive development more broadly.