What is a weapon?

What is a weapon?
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什么是武器?

DOI:
10.1093/icb/icy083
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
2.6
通讯作者:
Lane SM
Lane SM
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lane SM

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在冲突中,动物利用令人难以置信的一系列特征进行进攻和防御。这些特征从夸张的形态结构,如雄鹿的鹿角和甲虫的角,到释放、分泌和注射的有毒化学物质。然而,在我们目前对动物攻击性的思考中,这些特征的广度似乎被低估了。目前文献中对“武器”一词的使用在很大程度上局限于对男性在争夺女性使用权的竞争中使用的显眼形态结构的研究,因此,我们对其他类型武器的理解有限。在这篇文章中,我探索了动物用来操纵和控制其他个体在许多竞争环境中的行为的特征的多样性,目的是鼓励重新评估行为和进化生物学家看待动物武器的方式。我讨论了在动物武器研究中包括这种更广泛的特征的好处,并探索了区别于其他特征的动物武器的统一特征。
Animals utilize an incredible array of traits for offence and defence during conflict. These traits range from exaggerated morphological structures such as the antlers of stags and the horns of beetles, to an arsenal of noxious chemicals emitted, secreted, and injected. However, the breadth of these traits appears to be underappreciated in our current thinking about aggression in animals. Use of the term “weapon” in the current literature is largely restricted to studies of conspicuous morphological structures used by males during contests over access to females, and as a result, our understanding of other types of weapons is limited. In this article, I explore the diversity of traits utilized by animals to manipulate and control the behavior of other individuals in a number of agonistic contexts, with the aim to encourage a reappraisal of the way in which behavioral and evolutionary biologists view animal weapons. I discuss the advantages of including this broader range of traits in studies of animal weaponry and explore the unifying features that distinguish animal weapons from other traits.
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