Design and Evaluation of “BTTN”: A Backscattering Tag-to-Tag Network
Design and Evaluation of “BTTN”: A Backscattering Tag-to-Tag Network
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“BTTN”的设计和评估：反向散射标签到标签网络
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
10.6
通讯作者：
M. Stanaćević
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jihoon Ryoo;Jinghui Jian;A. Athalye;Samir R Das;M. Stanaćević
无源标签之间的射频（RF）反向散射通信作为无处不在的“物联网”的使能技术具有巨大的潜力。我们开发了一个反向散射标签到标签网络（BTTN），由能够通过外部射频激励信号的反向散射调制进行大规模，无源和多跳通信的无源标签组成。无源标签的低灵敏度和缺乏有源解调器给通信带来了重大挑战，包括独特的相位抵消问题，这严重影响了无源标签到标签链路的范围和鲁棒性。我们利用创新的标签架构克服了这些挑战，并开发了一种新的多相反向散射调制技术，该技术具有克服相位抵消问题的学习机制。这提高了链路性能，使无源标签对标签通信更接近实际使用。与传统的射频识别标签结构相比，额外的硬件包括调制器中的多一个终端阻抗。由于两个不同阶段的反向散射，数据速率降低，而功耗的增加可以忽略不计。我们开发了原型BTTN标签硬件和固件，并对其性能进行了评估。该原型在5 kb/s的速度下实现了高达3米的链路范围，激励功率水平仅为- 20 dBm，同时成功克服了相位抵消。我们进一步将BTTN操作扩展到多跳网络，在那里我们演示了在类似条件下能够通信超过12米的四跳链路。
Radio frequency (RF)-powered backscatter communication between passive tags holds tremendous potential as an enabling technology for a ubiquitous “Internet of Things.” We develop a backscattering tag-to-tag network (BTTN), comprised of passive tags capable of large-scale, passive, and multihop communication with each other via backscatter modulation of an external RF excitation signal. The low sensitivity and lack of active demodulator on passive tags present significant challenges to the communication, including a unique phase cancellation problem, which significantly affects the range and robustness of a passive tag-to-tag link. We overcome these challenges using innovative tag architecture and also develop a novel multiphase backscatter modulation technique with a learning mechanism that overcomes the phase cancellation problem. This improves the link performance bringing passive tag-to-tag communication closer to practical use. The additional hardware compared to the conventional radio frequency identification tag architecture includes one more terminating impedance in the modulator. The data rate is reduced due to backscatter at two different phases while the increase in the power consumption is negligible. We develop prototype BTTN tag hardware and firmware and evaluate its performance. The prototype achieves link ranges of up to 3 m at 5 kb/s with an excitation power level of only −20 dBm while successfully overcoming phase cancellation. We further extend BTTN operation to a multihop network where we demonstrate a four hop link capable of communicating over 12 m under similar conditions.